Kanazawa College of Art

To clarify the role of art and artists as creative actors in art-related tourism projects, the study focuses, from the perspective of social value creation, on art projects that are in the development stage and that aim to promote local sustainability.We propose a framework for comprehensive understanding the social value creation in terms of the service-dominant logic (sdl) theory. The framework applies eleven attributes organised in four (why-who-what-how) categories to obtain six kinds of insight into the project actors’ network ecosystem. The framework is applied to case studies from Japan: the ‘Kanazawa Creative Tourism’ (kct) project in a cultural-heritage city, the ‘Kinokuni Train Art’ (kta) project along a railway line running through a coastal area with rich natural resources, and similar projects in Slovenia. Through stakeholders’ interviews, field surveys and theoretical research we analyse and compare these projects in terms of the attributes of the proposed framework. The study provides insights towards identifying the major types of creatively involved actors of art-related tourism projects: mostly local artists and craftsmen, but also members involved mainly as collaboration generators and intermediaries operating at different integration levels. To validate the framework’s destination management insights in a broader international background, we refer in the discussion to similar examples with different cultural and geographical backgrounds and/or maturity level from Slovenia, an EU country.

This study aimed to examine the effects of open/ closed eyes and age difference on Center of Foot Pressure (COP) sway during stepping. The subjects were 87 healthy males aged 10 - 80 years. COP was measured 20 times when subjects stepped on two force plates (left and right) at a rate of 60 steps/min. The evaluation parameters selected were: total trace length, velocity, circumference, rectangular area，left-right width, and front-back width. The former four of these parameters were found to be significantly lower with eyes open than eyes closed in 80-year-old subjects, while the last parameter was significantly lower with eyes open in 10-year-old subjects. In 70- and 80-year-old subjects with eyes open, circumference was greater than that in 10- and 40 - 60-year-old subjects; their rectangular area was greater than that in 50- and 60-year-old subjects; and, their front-back width was greater than that in 10- and 30 - 60-year-old subjects. With eyes closed, circumference, rectangular area, left-right width, and front-back width in 80-year- old subjects, were greater than those in 10 - 70- year-old subjects. The front-back width during stepping with eyes closed was greater in 70- and 80-year-old subjects than in 30 - 50-year-old subjects. The Romberg quotient for all COP sway parameters revealed no significant age-related differences. From our findings, a difference in body sway was observed in 80-year-old subjects (with eyes open/closed) when compared with the other age groups. In addition, the extent of sway varied little among 80 year-old- subjects have greater body sway during stepping, particularly with eyes closed.

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The influence of alcohol ingestion on neuromotor control has yet to be defined completely. In this study, we observed gait during normal walking and walking with a specific tempo before and after alcohol ingestion. Time was allowed to examine the influence of moderate alcohol ingestion on gait properties. The gait properties, physiological responses (blood pressure, heart rate) and one-leg stance with eyes closed of 15 healthy young adults (average age: 21.9 years) were recorded just before and 10, 20 and 30 min after alcohol ingestion (blood alcohol concentration (BAC)=1.4–1.7 ml/g). Participants’ gait was recorded under normal gait and controlled tempo gait conditions. Participants were asked to walk at a self-selected speed on a 10-m straight walkway in the former condition. For the latter condition, they were asked to walk the same walkway at a tempo of 40 bpm set by a metronome. This selected tempo greatly differs from the normal tempo of 120 bpm, which is highly automated in human gait. In both conditions, two trials were conducted. Heart rate significantly increased 10 min after the alcohol ingestion, and one-leg stance duration significantly decreased after 20 min as compared with pre-ingestion. Stride, gait velocity and cadence significantly decreased in normal gait, but not in the controlled tempo condition. In conclusion, even healthy young adults show a decline in static balance ability, step stride, gait velocity and cadence with moderate alcohol ingestion (slightly drunk or initial drunkenness). This phenomenon is marked at 20 min after alcohol ingestion. However, gait properties are kept stable by voluntary adjustment of walking pace (voluntarily adapting to a uniform tempo), even with moderate alcohol ingestion.