Kanazawa Seiryo University

Since 2018, the J. League has actively promoted "SHAREN" as an initiative to address social issues through collaboration and cooperation with various stakeholders.The purpose of this study is to visualize the social impact of "SHAREN" and accumulate knowledge to increase its social impact.This study aimed to visualize the social impact of the "Future Challenge Project 2022," implemented in conjunction with the home games of the J. League club "Zweigen Kanazawa" in 2022, by calculating the Social Return on Investment (SROI) value.The SROI value was calculated through a series of steps: 1) selecting stakeholders, 2) validating inputs and calculating costs, 3) confirming outputs and outcomes, 4) converting outcomes into monetary values, 5) calculating SROI values.Data was collected from telephone and email interviews with stakeholders, content on various media such as websites, SNS and newspapers where initiatives were published, and participant observation.Validation was ensured through triangulation by co-researchers.As a result, SROI values were calculated in two patterns: '4.93' and '2.36'.This study suggests that the way in which stakeholders interact with J. League clubs may impact the social outcomes of community contribution activities conducted by J. League clubs.The SROI calculation process yielded the following three new findings: 1) Social impact was generated not only on the event day but also during the preparation process;

本稿の目的は、1960年から2017年の衆議院議員総選挙の公約を用いて、教育政策をめぐる政党間競争においてイシューがどのように変化してきたかを明らかにすることである。イシューを顕著性と対立性の観点から整理し、イシューの変化を考察した。1960年から1980年にかけては教育の条件整備が焦点となり、野党の共闘するイシューが増加した。しかし、その後1980年代から1990年代には、野党間の結束が弱まるなか、教育政策に対する野党の関心も薄れ始めた。2000年代以降は少子化を背景に教育政策への関心が再び高まるとともに公明党が政権に加わったことで与野党の合意イシューが増えたが、政権交代の前後では、自民党が従来の合意を重視する路線を変更し、対立性を増加させたことを確認した。

Daytime napping offers benefits for motor memory learning and is used as a habitual countermeasure to improve daytime functioning. A single nap has been shown to ameliorate motor memory learning, although the effect of consecutive napping on motor memory consolidation remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of daytime napping over multiple days on motor memory learning. Twenty university students were divided into a napping group and no-nap (awake) group. The napping group performed motor adaption tasks before and after napping for three consecutive days, whereas the no-nap group performed the task on a similar time schedule as the napping group. A subsequent retest was conducted one week after the end of the intervention. Significant differences were observed only for speed at 30 degrees to complete the retention task, which was significantly faster in the napping group than in the awake group. No significant consolidation effects over the three consecutive nap intervention periods were confirmed. Due to the limitations of the different experimental environments of the napping and the control group, the current results warrant further investigation to assess whether consecutive napping may benefit motor memory learning, which is specific to speed.

Basidiomycetes-X, of which Japanese vernacular name is Echigoshirayukidake, is a local speciality mushroom found and cultivated in Japan that has been distributed as a precious cuisine material or as a functional food with medicinal properties. Antioxidant activity-guided isolation of major ingredients in Basidiomycetes-X revealed the presence of ergosterol, trans-10,cis-12-octadecadienoic acid (a conjugated linolenic acid, 10(E),12(Z)-CLA) and 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl‑4H‑pyran-4-one (DDMP). Approximately 21% of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazino radical (DPPH) scavenging activities in the methanolic extract were related to 10(E),12(Z)-CLA, while approximately 6.2% of the activity was related to ergosterol. DDMP was present in both methanolic and water extracts, and the activity related to DDMP was conspicuously detected in water extracts. Moreover, uridine and adenosine were identified as major components of Basidiomycetes-X. The ingredients identified in Basidiomycetes-X are expected to be involved in biological functions observed in this mushroom, which is an attractive functional food resource.

尾瀬ヶ原は標高約1400 mに位置し，長さ6 km，幅2 km，面積7.6 km2の本州最大の高層湿原である。尾瀬ヶ原では近年洪水の頻度が増し，池溏に氾濫水が流入する状況が起こっている。そこで，尾瀬ヶ原上田代の12池溏において，2019年10月に岸辺水生無脊椎動物のタモ網による時間単位採集を行い，洪水の影響を検討した。最近の洪水（2019年5月20 ～ 21日，累加雨量84 mm）による池溏の濁り状態の目視観察やドロ－ン映像，池溏の標高，魚類の侵入状況から，12池溏を洪水影響小（OFPool），洪水影響大（FFPool）に分けた。調査池溏には27分類群が出現した。OFPoolには25分類群，FFPoolには26分類群が出現し，差はなかった。各分類群の採集個体数の平均はミズダニ類を除いてFFPoolで少なく，総採集個体数（ササラダニ類を除く）とハエ目採集個体数で有意に少なかった。ササラダニ類もFFPoolで少ない傾向を示した。ハエ目の中ではユスリカ科の採集個体数が，特にモンユスリカ亜科の採集個体数がFFPoolで少なく，洪水は本亜科に大きな影響を与えたと推定される。生体量にはハエ目を除いて有意な差は認められなかった。キイロマツモムシ，ケヨソイカ属の一種，セトトビケラ属の一種 はFFPool での出現池溏が少なかった。氾濫水は池溏の岸辺を攪乱し，動物そのものの流失や動物の付着した枯葉や藻類，菌類の流失を引き起こし，岸辺水生無脊椎動物個体数を低下させた可能性がある。また洪水によって池溏に侵入した魚類の捕食圧の増加も個体数の低下を引き起こしている可能性がある。

Nodding syndrome (NS), is an unexplained form of epilepsy which leads to stunted growth, cognitive decline, and a characteristic nodding of the head. Current data about its impact on households in Uganda is scarce. Therefore, this study aims to assess the economic burden of the persistent morbidity of NS on caregivers in affected households in Northern Uganda. A cross-sectional cost-of-care study was conducted from January 2019 to February 2019 in Lakwela village-Northern Uganda in 14 households, who are members of a community-based organization (CBO) established in the village with the support of a Japanese research team, (Uganda-Japan Nodding Syndrome Network). Data was collected through questionnaires. Both direct (medical and non-medical) and indirect (informal care) costs of caregiving were assessed. Indirect costs were valued using the human-capital method as loss of production. Direct costs constituted a higher proportion of costs for NS households, accounting for on average 7.7% of household expenditure. The annual weighted mean cost per NS patient was estimated at 27.6 USD (26.4 USD direct costs, 96.2% and 1.2 USD indirect cost, 3.8%). Average time spent on informal caregiving was 4.4 ±1.7 (standard deviation) hours/week with an estimated annual informal caregiving cost of 24.85 USD and gross domestic product (GDP) loss of 412.40 USD. Direct costs due to NS are still high among households in this study. More studies are needed to investigate measures that could help bring down these costs and equally reduce the day-to-day disruption of caregiver's activities; consequently, improving the lives of these affected households and communities.

Abstract A self‐wiping co‐rotating twin‐screw extruder (TSE) is operated in a starved state in which the screws are partially filled with resin. Understanding the resin distribution on the screw surface of a TSE in this state is essential for the design, operation, and maintenance of the twin‐screw extrusion process. Accordingly, in this study, the circumferential and axial distribution of resin in a TSE were simulated using a novel method combining the mathematical formulation of Hele–Shaw flow, the finite element method, and a newly developed down‐wind pressure updating scheme. The results of the simulation were found to be in good agreement with experimental measurements. The proposed simulation method enables the detailed visualization of resin distribution in the entire axial and circumferential directions over the length of a TSE, improving the ability to determine both the devolatilization and fiber attrition during the extrusion process.

Although some policy schemes are intended to promote production from renewable energy sources (RES), strategic pricing in network access possibly offsets the effectiveness of these policies. This study compares the effectiveness of fixed-price and premium-price feed-in tariffs (FIT) and renewable portfolio standards (RPS) for promoting production from RES, explicitly considering strategic pricing in network access. The effects of vertical structure, i.e., vertical integration and separation, are also investigated. An analytical model consists of a monopolist and a competitive fringe, where the fringe firm produces from RES. The vertically integrated monopolist is able to set the access price incurred by the fringe and its own output. Under vertical separation, in contrast, the access price is set by an independent operator in the network sector. It is shown that under vertical integration, the effectiveness of both FIT policies are fully offset by strategic pricing in network access, whereas RPS does not create an incentive for the manipulation. This is because a higher access price induces a higher cost for the vertically integrated monopolist to meet the purchase obligation under RPS. Consequently, RPS is potentially more effective than FIT policies under vertical integration. It is also shown that vertical separation improves the effectiveness of both FIT policies but adversely reduces that of RPS.