Kantar Health (United States)

This qualitative study aimed to understand students' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic through semi-structured interviews. The study involved 102 key informants for a research paper and they were the students studying management at TU. Storytelling by the participants is a powerful tool for understanding life experiences and promoting discussion on current issues. Inquiry is increasingly used in educational research as human beings are telling their experiences to talk about particular times and events. Data revealed negative impacts on personal life, learning, working life, and social-emotional experiences. The study suggests that educational stakeholders should focus on students’ voices to engage, motivate, and support students' personal, working, educational, social, and emotional well-being. The emphasis should be given to the importance of student voice in their lives. For this, the storytelling method was used, which is a powerful tool for understanding life experiences and promoting discussion on current issues. This project used narrating inquiry to gather information about the COVID-19 experiences of the students and it used content analysis methodology to analyze responses from students' narrative inquiry interviews, revealing their positive and negative experiences.

We describe "Dr. A.I.", a virtual physician assistant that uses generative AI to conduct a pre-visit patient interview and to create a draft clinical note for the physician. We document the effectiveness of Dr. A.I. by measuring the concordance of the actual diagnosis made by the doctor with the generated differ-ential diagnosis (DDx) list. This application demonstrates the practical healthcare capabilities of a large language model to improve efficiency of doctor visits while also addressing safety concerns for the use of generative AI in the workflow of patient care.

ObjectivesInfections are one of the most common causes of neonatal mortality, and maternal colonization has been associated with neonatal infection. In this study, we sought to quantify carriage prevalence of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL) -producing and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) among pregnant women and their neonates and to characterize risk factors for carriage in rural Amhara, Ethiopia. MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study nested in the Birhan field site. We collected rectal and vaginal samples from 211 pregnant women in their third trimester and/or during labor/delivery and perirectal or stool samples from 159 of their neonates in the first week of life. ResultsWe found that carriage of ESBL-producing organisms was fairly common (women: 22.3%, 95% CI: 16.8-28.5; neonates: 24.5%, 95% CI: 18.1-32.0), while carriage of CRE (women: 0.9%, 95% CI: 0.1-3.4; neonates: 2.5%, 95% CI: 0.7-6.3) was rare. Neonates whose mothers tested positive for ESBL-producing organisms were nearly twice as likely to also test positive for ESBL-producing organisms (38.7% vs 21.1%, P-value = 0.06). Carriage of ESBL-producing organisms was also associated with Woreda (district) of sample collection and recent antibiotic use. ConclusionUnderstanding carriage patterns of potential pathogens and antibiotic susceptibility among pregnant women and newborns will inform local, data-driven recommendations to prevent and treat neonatal infections.

BackgroundUnplanned pregnancy continues to be a major public health concern in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Understanding the ovulatory cycle can help women avoid unplanned pregnancy. Though a wide range of factors for ovulatory cycle knowledge in SSA countries has not been well assessed, the influence of health insurance on ovulatory cycle knowledge is largely unknown. As a result, we set out to investigate the relationship between health insurance enrollment and knowledge of the ovulatory cycle among women of childbearing age. This study aims to investigate the relationship between health insurance enrollment and knowledge of the ovulatory cycle among women of childbearing age in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).MethodsDemographic and Health Surveys (DHSs) data from 29 SSA countries were analyzed. The association between health insurance and ovulatory cycle knowledge was investigated using bivariate and multivariate multilevel logistic regression models among 372,692 women of reproductive age (15–49). The findings were presented as adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). A p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe pooled result shows that the prevalence of knowledge of ovulatory cycle in the studied 29 SSA countries was 25.5% (95% CI; 24.4%-26.6%). Findings suggest higher odds of ovulatory cycle knowledge among women covered by health insurance (AOR = 1.27, 95% CI; 1.02–1.57), with higher education (higher-AOR = 2.83, 95% CI; 1.95–4.09), from the richest wealth quintile (richest-AOR = 1.39, 95% CI; 1.04–1.87), and from female headed households (AOR = 1.16, 95% CI; 1.01–1.33) compared to women who had no formal education, were from the poorest wealth quintile and belonged to male headed households, respectively. We found lower odds of ovulatory cycle knowledge among women who had 2–4 parity history (AOR = 0.80, 95% CI; 0.65–0.99) compared to those with history of one parity.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that the knowledge of the ovulatory cycle is lacking in SSA. Improving health insurance enrollment should be considered to increase ovulatory cycle knowledge as an approach to reduce the region's unplanned pregnancy rate. Strategies for improving opportunities that contribute to women’s empowerment and autonomy as well as sexual and reproductive health approaches targeting women who are in poorest quintiles, not formally educated, belonging to male headed households, and having high parity should be considered.

W artykule skupiliśmy się na analizie opinii i postaw wobec możliwości członkostwa cudzoziemca w społeczeństwie polskim traktowanym jako polska wspólnota narodowa. Opierając się na wynikach sondażu „Polacy i inni po 30 latach” z 2018 roku oraz porównań z wynikami identycznych badań z lat 1988 i 1998 analizujemy odmiany polskiej tożsamości narodowej oraz to, w jaki sposób przekładają się one na warunki uznania cudzoziemca za Polkę/Polaka. W artykule zwracamy uwagę po pierwsze na to, że warunki przynależności cudzoziemca do tej wspólnoty są odmiennie postrzegane przez badanych niż te, które są kierowane wobec Polaków. Po drugie, opinie badanych o sposobach wejścia cudzoziemca do polskiego społeczeństwa charakteryzują się różnymi koncepcjami ich przynależności i formułowanymi wobec nich oczekiwaniami, począwszy od obywatelskiej, a skończywszy na etnicznej. Po trzecie, podkreślamy podstawowe znaczenie kryteriów społeczno-kulturowych dla akceptacji cudzoziemca w polskim społeczeństwie, które dotyczą jego zgodnego funkcjonowania w naszym kraju.

PurposeMany young people with mental ill-health do not seek support, and developmental growth in self-reliance may be a barrier to help-seeking. Increasing autonomy is a positive developmental task for youth and a key aspect of resilience. This study examined the influence of perceived social support and resilience on the previously unexamined relationship between self-reliance and intentions to seek help from informal, professional, and self-help sources for mental health problems.MethodsAn online survey was completed by a representative Australian community sample of 5,203 young people aged 12–25 years (half female), in May–June 2020.ResultsPath analysis showed the hypothesised conceptual model did not fit the data well, but a modified model was a good fit. Higher self-reliance was associated with lower intentions to seek informal and professional help, as expected, but not with greater intentions for self-help. The relationship between self-reliance and informal help-seeking intentions was fully mediated by perceived social support, whereas the relationship between self-reliance and professional help-seeking was also direct. Perceived social support fully mediated the relationship between self-reliance and resilience. Intentions to use self-help were not influenced by variables in the study, but higher self-help intentions were associated with higher professional help-seeking intentions. Associations were consistent across age and gender groups.ConclusionThe results show the critical role of social support for combating some of the unhelpful aspects of self-reliance for mental health help-seeking in young people. Future research should explore how self-reliance can hinder or be harnessed to facilitate accessing appropriate mental health.

Education-job match is often associated with enhanced well-being and career satisfaction, although existing research suggests that arts college graduates are less likely to experience education-job match than graduates of other disciplines. As research also increasingly suggests that student loan debt may influence college graduates’ access to lower-paying industries and careers, this study uses a cross-sectional dataset from the Strategic National Arts Alumni Project to investigate how student loan debt predicts education-job match (entry into an arts position) among arts bachelor’s graduates. Even when controlling for individual and institutional factors, results show that arts bachelor’s graduates with over US$10,000 in undergraduate student loan debt are less likely to enter arts careers than those with no loans. Findings suggest that arts careers may be less accessible for college graduates who are most dependent on student loans, with important implications for diversity and equity within the arts.

To describe antibody and T-cell responses to the three SARS-CoV-2 vaccines available in the United States (U.S.) in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) on ozanimod or other disease modifying therapies (DMTs).