Karelian State Pedagogical Academy

In the version of this Article originally published, in the first sentence of the second paragraph of the Discussion section, the word "operingrationally" should have read "operationally". This has now been amended in all versions of the Article.

We focused our attention on three narrow isthmuses between the White and the Baltic Seas, which form important connections for the elements of northern taiga ecosystems, such as the Siberian flying squirrel. The method that we employed is based on the search of flying squirrel’s excrements on randomly selected 9 ha plots (more than 11700 plots studied in Russia and in Finland). Relative abundances of the flying squirrel in Russian Karelia and the Karelian Isthmus seem to be slightly higher than in Finland. The border of the flying squirrel’s range in the North-West could be delineated from the national park Kalevalski, across the Segezha region to the southern part of the White Sea, and further to the east. We suppose that the connection between flying squirrel populations of Scandinavia and Russia is mainly implemented through a narrow ‘middle-taiga corridor’, i.e. the isthmus between Ladoga and Onega Lakes, and only partly by the isthmus between Lake Onega and the White Sea.

The process of carbon-film formation in a discharge with crossed electric and magnetic fields in neon and argon has been studied in a system with a cylindrical geometry of electrodes. Radial profiles of the film thickness on an edge substrate have been measured using an interferometric technique. A diffusion model of film formation is proposed, which takes into account the inert gas ion charge exchange and gas heating processes. Experimental data are compared to the results of model calculations.

The absorption spectra of Bjorkman lignin, lignin sulfate, lignosulfonates, and humic substances in neutral and alkaline media are considered. It was found that the difference spectra of lignins (an alkaline solution with reference to a neutral solution) exhibited several intense bands, whereas humic substances exhibited equal shifts of the spectra over the entire spectral range. This distinctive property of the difference spectra of lignin substances, as compared to the spectra of humic substances, can be used for determining lignins in polluted water.

Amorphous films produced by electrochemical oxidation of aluminum in an aqueous 10 M HNO3 solution were studied. The parameters of the nearest neighbor atomic configuration were evaluated from x-ray scattering intensities, and the surface morphology of the films was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrate that the electrochemical dissolution of the Al substrate prevails over the oxide film growth, which results in a large specific surface area of the films.

The saturation magnetization in cylindrical nickel and iron-nickel films with a high nickel content is significantly lower than in pyrometallurgical metal. This is due to the presence of a high proportion of amorphous nonferromagnetic phase in the film. The application of an axial magnetic film during the electrodeposition of the films increases the total number of Barkhausen discontinuities in axial reverse magnetization, reduces the coercive force, shifts the field at which discontinuities appear into the region of smaller re verse-magnetization fields, and increases the permeability and the rectangularity of the hysteresis loops. The variation of the magnetic characteristics with the alloy composition is correlated with the spontaneous internal stresses in the films.

The work of N. K. Krupskaya on the question of didactics represents a valuable contribution to educational theory. Elaborated in exhaustive detail, the didactics of N. K. Krupskaya remain valid and pertinent for the schools of our day. By utilizing the proposals offered by Nadezhda Konstantinovna in the field of didactics, progressive teachers are making their teaching more effective, advancing their students more rapidly and training them in habits of independent intellectual activity.