Karshi State University

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) enables real-time, non-invasive tissue characterization by capturing biochemical signatures across hundreds of spectral bands simultaneously. However, the computational demands of processing vast hyperspectral datasets create significant bottlenecks for clinical deployment. This chapter examines how edge computing and hardware acceleration technologies—including Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), and specialized neural accelerators—enable real-time HSI processing at the point of care. We analyze architectural trade-offs, implementation strategies, and clinical workflow integration approaches that reduce processing times from minutes to milliseconds. Recent advances in embedded platforms achieve throughput rates exceeding 250 MSamples/s while maintaining power consumption below 15W, making intraoperative HSI guidance practically achievable.

Ushbu ishda sun’iy intellekt vositalarining moliyaviy texnologiyalar (FinTech) sohasidagi o‘rni va ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda sun’iy intellekt asosida ishlovchi tizimlarning bank ishi, kreditlash, sug‘urta, investitsiya va to‘lov tizimlaridagi afzalliklari yoritib berilgan. Xususan, sun’iy intellektning tezkor qaror qabul qilish, firibgarlikni aniqlash, risklarni boshqarish, mijozlarga xizmat ko‘rsatish sifatini oshirish hamda xarajatlarni kamaytirishdagi roli ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan. Shuningdek, moliyaviy xizmatlarni shaxsiylashtirish va moliyaviy inklyuziyani kengaytirishda sun’iy intellektning imkoniyatlari ochib berilgan. Ish natijalari sun’iy intellekt texnologiyalarini moliya sohasida samarali joriy etish zarurligini asoslab beradi.

This study aimed to design and evaluate a proactive, school-based educational framework functioning as an early diversion mechanism for vulnerable youth at risk of future justice system involvement. The study addressed the question of whether the presence of structured early identification, individual learning support, and combined behavioral and social-emotional interventions might have led to a decrease in the occurrence of academic disengagement, disciplinary escalation, and criminogenic risk indicators. It adopted a quasi-experimental longitudinal research design where 180 at-risk students (n = 90 intervention; n = 90 control) were used. These groups were tested to be equivalent at the baseline (p > 0.05). The intervention was provided in a 12-month multi-tiered support model that incorporated academic support, behaviour regulation, restorative practices, and involvement of family. Repeated-measures ANOVA, multilevel modeling, multilevel mediation analysis, and thematic qualitative analysis were used to assess the outcomes. There was significant time × group interaction effects on GPA (F (1, 178) = 18.42, p < 0.001) and attendance (F (1, 178) = 21.75, p < 0.001) having large effect sizes (d = 0.82; d = 0.91). There were significant decreases in disciplinary referrals and behavioral risk scores in behavioral outcomes, with intervention attendance being a significant predictor of behavioral risk (β = −14.72, p < 0.001). The risk indicators on justice decreased greatly (t (178) = 5.63, p < 0.001), and the probability of high-risk classification reduced from 62% to 29% of high-risk in the intervention group. The mediation analysis showed a significant indirect effect (−6.45, 95% CI [−9.12, -3.78]) when it comes to academic engagement and self-regulation. For vulnerable adolescents, proactive, composite educational innovations can generate positive academic results and significantly diminish danger in terms of conduct and equity, and place schools as efficient early diversionary frameworks.

This article discusses the pedagogical and psychological mechanisms of designing a competency model in the process of preparing students for social rehabilitation activities based on a functional approach and implementing it in educational practice. The study identifies the content, structure and functional components of training for social rehabilitation activities, and develops an integrative model aimed at the formation of professional competencies. Also, pedagogical conditions ensuring the effectiveness of the model's implementation in practice are substantiated.

This article analyses scientific publications related to alternative fuels obtained from biomass pyrolysis and coal-water fuel technologies, using the Web of Science international database and the keywords “alternative fuel” and “coal-water fuel”. The search queries “Alternative Fuels AND Coal-Water Fuel” and “Coal AND Water AND Fuel AND Alternative Fuels” were used to identify scientific articles published or scheduled for publication between 1988 and 2027. The types of articles, the leading authors in terms of publication activity, the contributing countries and the main research directions were determined, and the dynamics of scientific and practical activity in this field were analysed. The results show that the number of scientific publications on alternative fuels derived from biomass pyrolysis has increased significantly over the past decade, indicating active research by leading countries and authors. Additionally, coal-water fuel technologies, including their preparation methods, efficient combustion processes, and potential use as environmentally friendly energy sources, were identified as promising areas of research.

Ushbu maqolada neft va gaz konlarini izlash hamda dastlabki baholash jarayonlarida aerokosmik xaritalash va masofadan zondlash texnologiyalarining ahamiyati yoritilgan. Tadqiqotda kosmik suratlar, aerofotos’yomka, aerogeofizik ma’lumotlar hamda GIS (geoinformatsion tizimlar) imkoniyatlari tahlil qilinib, ularning geologik tuzilmalarni aniqlash, tektonik buzilish va strukturalarni xaritalash, istiqbolli maydonlarni ajratishdagi samaradorligi asoslab berilgan. Xorijiy tajribalar (AQSh, Kanada, Rossiya, Yevropa va Yaponiya) hamda O‘zbekiston sharoitida (Qashqadaryo, Buxoro–Xiva, Farg‘ona vodiysi) aerokosmik usullarni qo‘llash natijalari qiyosiy ko‘rib chiqilib, qidiruv ishlari samaradorligi, vaqt va xarajatlarni qisqartirish imkoniyatlari baholangan. Maqolada aerokosmik ma’lumotlarni geofizik, geokimyoviy va dala tadqiqotlari bilan integratsiyalash qidiruv natijalarining ishonchliligini oshirishi, shuningdek ekologik monitoringni kuchaytirishda ham muhim rol o‘ynashi ta’kidlangan. Yakunda O‘zbekistonda aerokosmik texnologiyalarni keng joriy etish uchun ilmiy hamkorlikni kuchaytirish, yuqori aniqlikdagi ma’lumotlar bazasini kengaytirish va kadrlar tayyorlash zarurligi bo‘yicha takliflar berilgan.

In the presented work, the molecular dynamics simulation and thermal conductivity mechanism of implantation of beta Ga 2 O 3 structure with hydrogen and helium ions with energy 100 eV were analyzed. The mechanism of the initial formation stages of gas-atom-gas clustering in the β-Ga 2 O 3 structure by proton and helium implantation was simulated using the LAMMPS package. The thermal conductivity is anisotropic in the crystal structure, and varies depending on the crystal orientation, with the highest conductivity observed along the k(001) direction. • Molecular dynamics simulation of β-Ga 2 O 3 under ion irradiation. • Anisotropic thermal conductivity with maximum along the [001] direction. • Direct observation of ion-to-molecule transition at 137.1 fs and 158.9 fs.

Background of the study: Gross motor competence in early childhood predicts later physical literacy, academic readiness, and psychosocial adjustment. Although structured physical activity is increasingly integrated into early childhood education, research on martial arts–based extracurricular programs for preschoolers remains limited, particularly within formal institutional settings in developing contexts. Aims and scope of paper: This study examines how a developmentally adapted Taekwondo extracurricular program supports gross motor development among children aged 5–6 years at TK Kemala Bhayangkari 79, Indonesia. It analyzes both the pedagogical structure of the program and its developmental implications within movement-based early childhood education. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological case study design was employed to explore participants’ lived experiences and institutional practices. Data were collected through non-participant observations of training sessions, semi-structured interviews with the head coach, assistant coach, and school principal, and document analysis. Participants included enrolled children and adult stakeholders involved in implementation. Data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, including data condensation, display, and conclusion drawing to ensure analytical rigor. Results: The Taekwondo program, initiated in September 2025, was developmentally structured with warm-ups, core technique practice, and cool-down phases emphasizing discipline, emotional regulation, and playful engagement. Supported by tiered supervision from coaches and teachers, the program enhanced children’s balance, coordination, strength, flexibility, body control, concentration, and behavioral self-regulation. Effective implementation relied on coaches’ pedagogical sensitivity and age-appropriate communication. Contribution: This study reconceptualizes martial arts as a developmentally responsive pedagogical intervention rather than merely a competitive sport. Situated in Indonesia as part of the Global South, it provides context-sensitive evidence that challenges Western-centric models of physical literacy and expands theoretical discussions on culturally responsive physical education in early childhood. The findings also call for mixed-method and quasi-experimental research to strengthen causal inference and scalability across diverse educational contexts.