Kaw Nation

Abstract: Understanding the transport dynamics of hydronium ions (H3O+) in polymer electrolyte membranes is critical for improving the performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. In this study, we performed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of hydrated Nafion, a widely used perfluorosulfonic acid membrane, to investigate the diffusion mechanisms of H3O+ at various water uptakes (λ = 6, 10, and 14). Free energy maps revealed that H3O+ ions are strongly trapped near SO3- groups within the polymer while water molecules (H2O) exhibit broader free energy wells. Conduction path and structural factor analyses indicated that the water channels in Nafion form interconnected tubular networks, whose tube diameter increases with hydration. The simulated structure factors quantitatively reproduced the experimentally observed correlation length of the water channels. Analysis of the mean square displacement and probability distributions of the squared displacements revealed hierarchical dynamics modes for both H3O+ and H2O. The suggested transport processes were the following three modes with different time/spatial scales: (i) localized binding to the sulfonate groups on Nafion, (ii) confined diffusion within the water channels, and (iii) normal diffusion along the water channels. From these findings, the proton diffusion modes in Nafion are all highly localized and governed by multiscale mechanisms owing to the membrane morphology and hydration. These results provide a detailed, molecular-level understanding of the proton transport in perfluorosulfonic acid membranes, and they provide valuable insight into optimizing materials for fuel cell applications.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan media roda pecahan dalam pembelajaran materi pecahan di kelas II SDN Kawu 4 Ngawi pada tahun ajaran 2023/2024 dan menganalisis peningkatan hasil belajar siswa setelah penggunaan media tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan dua siklus pembelajaran. Siklus I menggunakan metode ceramah biasa, sedangkan siklus II menggunakan media roda pecahan. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas II SDN Kawu 4 Ngawi, dengan sampel kelas II-A yang berjumlah 30 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes hasil belajar, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan pada hasil belajar siswa setelah menggunakan media roda pecahan. Pada siklus I, hanya 40% siswa mencapai nilai di atas KKM dengan rata-rata kelas 68,5. Namun, pada siklus II dengan menggunakan media roda pecahan, 80% siswa mencapai nilai di atas KKM dengan rata-rata kelas 83,5. Media roda pecahan membantu siswa memvisualisasikan konsep pecahan secara konkret, mendorong pembelajaran aktif, meningkatkan motivasi dan minat belajar, serta mendukung peran guru sebagai fasilitator. Kendala yang dihadapi adalah waktu persiapan media, pengelolaan kelas, dan perlunya variasi metode pembelajaran. Kata Kunci: media roda pecahan, hasil belajar, pecahan, Penelitian Tindakan Kelas.

Introduction: Substance use (SU), including opioid, methamphetamine, and cocaine use, is not infrequent among those with heart failure (HF). We aimed to characterize substance use among patients with heart failure and its association with inpatient outcomes. Methods: We used the Nationwide Readmission Database (NRD) for 2019 for our retrospective study. First, we extracted all cases older than 18 years that included a primary diagnosis of HF. Appropriate survey and domain analyses were applied to obtain national estimates using SAS 9.4. Results: We identified 1,318,006 discharges with a primary diagnosis of HF. SU was present in 5% of the study cohort (n= 57,395 cases). Patients with SU were younger than those without SU (mean age 55 years vs. 72 years, p<0.001) and fewer women (29% vs. 49%, p<0.001). Patients with SU had a higher prevalence of underlying hypertension, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and chronic lung and liver disease, but a lower prevalence of malignancy, dementia, end-stage renal disease, diabetes, and cerebrovascular disease (p<0.001). Substance users had significantly lower inpatient mortality (1.4% vs. 2.9%, p<0.001), but higher leaving against medical advice (AMA) (8% vs. 1%, p<0.001), length of stay (mean 9 days vs. 8 days, p<0.001), and all-cause 30-day readmission rates (58% vs. 46%, p<0.001). Even after adjusting for age, gender, and comorbidities, the presence of SU continued to be associated with lower inpatient mortality compared to those without SU (OR 0.81 [0.73-0.90]). In this case, mortality rates are calculated based on discharge-level records rather than patient-level records. This leads to a dilution of the inpatient mortality rate because drug users who have multiple readmissions contribute more to the denominator. After excluding patients who left AMA or had readmission in the same year, SU was not associated with any favorable outcome (OR 1 [0.90-1.12]). Conclusions: While administrative data offers opportunities to study clinical outcomes, understanding how data is created and analyzed is key. Because the NRD database is built based on discharge-level rather than patient-level records, this is an example of how these calculations can introduce bias.

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Abstract Introduction Insomnia is a pervasive sleep disorder affecting up to one-third of the adult U.S. population. An extensive amount of genetic association data from genome wide association studies (GWAS) has uncovered hundreds of loci associated with insomnia and other sleep traits, yet few of these targets have undergone full characterization and their contribution to sleep traits remain poorly understood. Additionally, GWAS does not necessarily determine the true effector gene(s) at a given locus, leading to frequent mischaracterization and misinterpretation of genotype-phenotype interactions. Methods Our group has developed a variant-to-gene mapping approach that integrates existing insomnia GWAS loci with a combination of ATAC-seq and promoter-focused Capture C-derived data in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells. We identified candidate genes with accessible promoter regions that were contacted at high resolution by insomnia-associated SNPs residing in open chromatin. Target genes with known orthologs and available Drosophila RNAi lines were then subjected to deep phenotyping of sleep traits. Candidate genes producing greater than 20 percent change in sleep duration in Drosophila were then screened in a vertebrate zebrafish model using CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis in F0 larvae. Results This pipeline revealed fifteen genes producing robust sleep phenotypes with more than a 20 percent change in sleep duration in Drosophila. Of the candidate genes screened thus far in zebrafish, we found that disruption of pigq expression significantly (p<0.05) increased sleep duration in both zebrafish and Drosophila through regulation of sleep bout length and frequency, revealing a conserved, yet novel regulator of sleep duration. Additionally, CRISPR mutations in cbx1b and meis1b in zebrafish resulted in reduced sleep duration similar to results in Drosophila. Conclusion This pipeline uses cutting-edge genomic and behavioral approaches to perform high-throughput screening of existing GWAS-identified insomnia loci. This genotype-to-phenotype approach emphasizes the importance of behavioral validation following large cohort studies and narrowed the candidate gene list from more than 200 to fewer than 20 providing a more tractable set of gene targets for further molecular characterization. Cross-species validation also improves our understanding of the conservation of sleep characteristics throughout evolution. Support (If Any) NIH grants R01 HL143790, P01 HL094307, T32 HL07953

Hypertrichosis lanuginosa

This article considers the strategic directions of economic development of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union, based on available resources and objective opportunities for their joint effective use. With all the turbulence and uncertainty that exist today in the world economy, the definition of the main directions for the coordination of economic policies looks extremely important and timely. In general, by 2030, the results of the economic development of the EAEU have to show the world competitiveness of the integration association.In spite of the fact that this idea hasn’t been understood and underestimated by most of politicians of that time in the CIS, today became relevant and widely demanded not only in a business community, but also at the public and humanitarian level. Integration processes in the Eurasian space are increasingly gaining momentum. Moreover, many joint platforms that strengthen Eurasian integration are already functioning actively and successfully: Eurasian Development Bank, Eurasian Economic Club of Scientists, Eurasian Business Council, Eurasian Media Forum, Eurasian Association of Universities and many others. International practice shows that any interstate association is experiencing different stages in its development and is complemented by new forms of cooperation. In the conditions of the modern economic reality which is characterized by tendencies of globalization and regionalization, member states of EAEU have taken the path of uniting the potentials of national economies for their sustainable development.