Kazan State Energy University

The results of experimental studies on firing in microwave electromagnetic field of samples from montmorillonite containing clay of Kalininsky and Maksimkovsky deposits sensitive to drying are presented. The description of chemical and mineralogical compositions of the studied clays, as well as additives: chalk and waste of soda production of KEKa is presented. The thermograms of clay compositions combined with the appearance of samples fired in the microwave field show the influence of carbonate additives in the form of CaCO3-enriched Maksimkovsk clay, KEK and chalk on the sintering quality and strength of samples. The dependence of the quality of the samples fired in the microwave field on the energy value of the endothermic decomposition process of the mineral component of the clay composition has been established. The results of thermal and X-ray phase analyses of microwave-fired samples are shown. The results of X-ray phase analysis of microwave-fired samples modified with KEK and chalk showed the presence of the same, but different in content, silicates Ca and Mg. Microstructure and phase composition of samples with carbonate additive, which showed the highest strength, have in the phase composition of annealed samples silicates Ca and Mg (CaMgSi2O6, Ca2MgSi2O7), as well as a large percentage of amorphous glass phase.

Modern challenges in chemical technology require effective solutions for separating bulk materials into fractions with specified granulometric characteristics. This is especially important for processes involving the handling of fine-dispersed materials, where particle separation plays a key role in improving the quality of the final product and reducing costs. The article presents a multi-vortex classifier designed for particle size fractionation. The aim of the study is to numerically investigate the influence of the geometric parameters of the classifier on its efficiency. Numerical modeling is performed in the Ansys Fluent software environment using the k–ω SST turbulence model and the Discrete Phase Model (DPM) to track particle motion in the gas flow. During the calculations, the inner pipe diameter d and the degree of rectangular slit opening k are varied. It is found that the efficiency of bulk material separation in the multi-vortex classifier is determined by the interaction of airflows through the lower opening of the inner pipe and the rectangular slits. The flow through the lower opening forms an upward current that destabilizes the vortex structure, while the flow through the rectangular slits ensures the stability of the vortices in the annular space. An increase in the inner pipe diameter d leads to a decrease in particle capture efficiency. For example, as d increases from 43 to 66 mm, the average efficiency E decreases from 79.7 to 32.1%, which is associated with the intensification of the destabilizing upward flow. This occurs because the number of rectangular slits increases from 4 to 8 (resulting in a larger total cross-sectional area of the slits), which reduces the effect of the centrifugal forces. A decrease in d contributes to the stabilization of vortices, resulting in additional pronounced efficiency peaks in the fine particle range up to 40 μm. Reducing the degree of rectangular slit opening k to values of k ≤ 20% ensures a sharp increase in particle fractionation efficiency, achieving values greater than 95% for particles with sizes >55 μm. At k ≥ 40%, a significant decrease in the classifier efficiency is observed.

Pike Esox lucius is one of the key fishing objects in the Kuibyshev reservoir. The article presents materials from various years of research of the pike in the Kuibyshev reservoir and notes the changes that have occurred in its population. The dynamics of the species stock, its role in fishing and influence of individual environmental factors are analyzed.

Analysis and modeling of an electrical power system with a distributed generation source in normal mode were carried out using the Matlab application program. The paper provides an analysis of the state of the electric power system, the main parameters of which change when an additional source of distributed generation based on a wind farm with a capacity of 9 MVA is introduced. A block diagram and, based on it, a simulation model of the power system have been compiled. Since the stability of the electric power system depends on the reliable operation of the emergency automatics, it is necessary to determine the values of the main parameters of the electric power system that characterize its stable operation: the change in the phase shift angle between the emf of the generator and the network voltage and the change in the main electrical quantities at the consumer source terminals.

Abstract A computational model for hydrocarbon synthesis by natural gas decomposition using barrier discharge is presented. The model describes the kinetics of the main reactions occurring in the plasma and accounts for the following processes: excitation/relaxation by direct electron impact, decomposition and ionization by electron impact, charge loss due to diffusion to the walls, and 92 chemical reactions. The rates of hydrocarbon production under various discharge parameters and changes in the composition of the starting gas have been calculated. The calculated rates of hydrocarbon production and discharge parameters were correlated with experimental data. The deviation of the calculated electrical parameters from the experiment does not exceed 7%. The model also demonstrated high accuracy in terms of product selectivity and their production rates. The calculations showed a promising result that the synthesis process efficiency depends on the signal shape while maintaining constant power input into the discharge.

This article discusses the effectiveness of the health-saving approach in the implementation of the practical discipline of physical culture in a medical university. The study was conducted on the basis of the Kazan State Medical University, which was attended by 40 female students studying at the Faculty of Medicine and having a basic health group. The classes of the control group during the academic year were conducted according to the health-saving RPD, which includes four modules of a one-year training cycle, in each of which certain tasks are solved. To assess the effectiveness of the approach, at the beginning and at the end of the experiment (academic year), students passed the TRP standards of the 7th stage. Taking into account the data obtained as a result of the experiment, it can be stated that the RPD developed according to the health-saving approach allows developing the physical qualities of medical students by an average of 3.8%.

The article updates the need to study the role and importance of sports in the system of socialization and health-saving behavior of youth in the region (using the example of the Republic of Tatarstan). The understanding of the socialization system is being updated through the prism of the totality of the diversity of determination mechanisms and conditions that can act, including the conditions for the formation of value systems for a healthy lifestyle and playing sports, which formulated the research problem presented in this article. The results of the author's sociological research obtained by the questionnaire in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2023 are presented (N = 820 people aged 18 to 35 years, a target sample; the selection criteria – a gender, an age, a region of residence). During the analysis of the survey data, the assumption was formulated that at the regional level, the role of sports and sports infrastructure in the system of socialization of youth and the implementation of health-saving behavior can be assessed through empirical indicators – internal and external determinants. Today It that young people in general highly appreciate the role of sports and the prestige of a healthy lifestyle, as well as the orientation of the infrastructure of their region towards sports as a priority form of leisure and recreation among young people, designating sports infrastructure as one of the significant conditions in the formation of value systems for health-saving behavior and motivator for playing sports and developing the sports movement among the younger generation. The analysis of the data obtained and identification of the role of sports as one of the determinative imperatives in the system of socialization of youth objectifies its role in the focus of the need to understand the direct influence of internal attitudes on playing sports and environmental factors, such as sports infrastructure, conditions, mechanisms, directions and programs for supporting sports among youth of the region in modern conditions.

Objective. The identification problem of dynamic processes occurring in the artery-tissue-hydrocuff system based on the Volterra series usage is considered. The identification procedures use algorithms based on the approximation of the required characteristics represented by segments of expansions by orthogonal Chebyshev polynomials. Results. During determining the expansion coefficients, a collocation approach was applied, reducing the problem to a system of linear algebraic equations. The Gauss-Christoffel type quadrature formulas are constructed to approximate integrals in the Volterra model. The oscillation contours formed by a unique hydrocuff technology were used as the initial signals. The results of modeling a nonlinear dynamic system are presented. The models were tested on real signals. The proposed technique makes possible to determine the transfer characteristics of linear and bilinear components of a mathematical model. The approximation quality control is performed on the basis of the real test signals residual estimation. Conclusions. Using the estimated characteristics makes possible to adjust the measured values of systolic and diastolic pressures, taking into account the anatomical features of the forearm structure and solve the blood vessels state diagnosing tasks on the basis of the input parameters formation for neural network recognition methods

Грунтовые толщи погребенных оврагов неоплейстоценового возраста, осложняющие скальный массив уржумского яруса в восточной части Приволжской возвышенности, представляют собой потенциально опасные участки при вскрытии их дорожными выемками и котлованами. Это обусловлено особенностями их строения и наличием в основании эрозионных овражных долин водоносных пластов. Согласно полевым наблюдениям в составе грунтовых толщ погребенных оврагов выделяется снизу вверх по разрезу пять инженерно-геологических элементов: слабо измененные доломиты уржумского яруса в основании четвертичного комплекса отложений (ИГЭ-1), элювированные мергели, сильно дезинтегрированные и смятые в экзогенные складки (ИГЭ-2), овражный пролювий (ИГЭ-3), овражный делювий (ИГЭ-4) и почвенно-растительный слой (ИГЭ-5). В нижней части погребенных оврагов сформирован водоносный горизонт, ложем которого служат плотные доломиты уржумского яруса, водовмещающими являются делювиальные отложения, сложенные щебнисто-дресвяным материалом вперемешку с пылеватыми и глинистыми минеральными частичками. Из всех перечисленных грунтов на строительные свойства грунтовой толщи наибольшее влияние будут оказывать пролювиально-делювиальные отложения. Пролювиальные отложения в силу их высокой обводненности способствуют тиксотропному разжижению грунтов при вскрытии грунтовой толщи техногенными выработками. Делювиальные отложения, сложенные легкими лессовидными суглинками, вследствие высокой пористости, наличия нестойких к воздействию воды структурных связей, низкой прочности на сжатие и небольшой силы сцепления между минеральными частицами определяют низкую устойчивость грунтовой толщи в стенках техногенных обнажений. При нарушении естественных условий залегания грунтовой толщи дорожными выемками или котлованами в них активизируются оползневые процессы.