Kaziranga University

The present study was conducted from February 2024 to May 2025 in the Raha sub-district of Nagaon, Assam, to provide the first avian checklist of the region. Surveys were conducted weekly, with observations carried out on four days each week across five villages using the point count method. One-hundred-and-one-bird species were documented, representing 17 orders and 41 families. Passeriformes was the most represented order, with 45 species, whereas Ardeidae contributed the highest number of species (seven) among the families. Residency patterns showed that 81 species were residents, 19 were winter migrants, and one summer migrant. Most species (96) were ‘Least Concern’, while three were ‘Near Threatened’, and two were ‘Vulnerable’ according to the IUCN Red List. Most of the resident species were observed in human-modified vegetation and forest edges. The occurrence of species such as the Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis (Near Threatened), River Tern Sterna aurantia (Vulnerable), Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus (Vulnerable), Blossom-headed Parakeet Psittacula roseata (Near Threatened), and Red-breasted Parakeet Psittacula alexandri (Near Threatened) underlines the conservation importance of the area. This study provides baseline data for future ecological assessments and emphasizes the need for long-term monitoring and conservation planning.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a major and rising public health issue in India that affects almost 17% of the adult population. The recent treatment issues with CKD patients in India from 2023 to 2025 are investigated in this paper based on the results of a number of recent studies. The five important challenges are recognized to be: restricted access to early diagnosis and nephrology treatment, low affordability of transplant and dialysis treatment, fragmentation between public and private sectors, poor mental health and nutritional treatment, and post-COVID-19 systemic disruptions. Despite programs such as the Pradhan Mantri National Dialysis Program and Ayushman Bharat, knowledge and implementation gaps, especially among rural and deprived populations, prevail. Out-of-pocket costs, long travel to reach treatment sites, substandard trained staff, and unpredictable frequencies of dialysis are endured by patients. There is social stigma, lack of awareness of CKD, and inadequate incorporation of mental health or dietary counseling within care as well. The article also highlights the economic and psychological cost of the treatment disruption during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper integrates current policy reviews, epidemiological data, and clinical practice with a qualitative synthesis approach. Suggested interventions include the development of nephrology facilities, initiation of national screening, insurance reform, and the inclusion of holistic, patient-focused care models. Without an imminent multisectoral intervention, the CKD burden in India will rise, worsening morbidity and increasing health disparities.

Paper-based electrochemical biosensors have emerged as a revolutionary technology in healthcare diagnostics due to their affordability, portability, ease of use, and environmental sustainability. These biosensors utilize paper as the primary material, capitalizing on its unique properties such as high porosity, flexibility, and capillary action, which make it an ideal candidate for low-cost, functional, and reliable diagnostic devices. The simplicity and cost-effectiveness of paper-based biosensors make them especially suitable for point-of-care (POC) applications, particularly in resource-limited settings where traditional diagnostic tools may be inaccessible. Their lightweight nature and ease of operation allow non-specialized users to perform diagnostic tests without the need for complex laboratory equipment, making them suitable for emergency, field, and remote applications. Technological advancements in paper-based biosensors have significantly enhanced their capabilities. Integration with microfluidic systems has improved fluid handling and reagent storage, resulting in enhanced sensor performance, including greater sensitivity and specificity for target biomarkers. The use of nanomaterials in electrode fabrication, such as reduced graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles, has further elevated their sensitivity, allowing for the precise detection of low-concentration biomarkers. Moreover, the development of multiplexed sensor arrays has enabled the simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers from a single sample, facilitating comprehensive and rapid diagnostics in clinical settings. These biosensors have found applications in diagnosing a wide range of diseases, including infectious diseases, cancer, and metabolic disorders. They are also effective in genetic analysis and metabolic monitoring, such as tracking glucose, lactate, and uric acid levels, which are crucial for managing chronic conditions like diabetes and kidney diseases. In this review, the latest advancements in paper-based electrochemical biosensors are explored, with a focus on their applications, technological innovations, challenges, and future directions.

Chromones, characterized by a benzo-annulated γ-pyrone core, represent a privileged scaffold, offering a diverse pharmacological spectrum. Clinically approved drugs such as disodium cromoglycate and flavoxate underscore their therapeutic significance. Recent advancements in synthetic strategies have facilitated the development of novel chromone derivatives with improved bioactivity, selectively modulating key molecular targets implicated in cancer, inflammation, diabetes, infectious diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, their emerging utility as imaging probes and regulators of pharmacologically relevant targets, such as pyridoxal phosphatase (PDXP), highlights their expanding role in modern drug discovery. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress in the identification of bioactive chromone-based natural products and synthetic analogs, emphasizing their therapeutic potential. Additionally, critical innovations in recent synthetic methodologies and targeted therapeutic applications are discussed, reinforcing chromones as a sustainable and multifunctional framework for next-generation drug development.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a prevalent and aggressive subtype of breast cancer, accounting for approximately 10-15% of all cases. Its lack of hormone receptors and poor clinical prognosis make targeted therapy particularly challenging, leaving chemotherapy as the mainstay treatment. However, conventional chemotherapy is associated with significant limitations, including cardiotoxicity and inadequate tumor cell specificity. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising strategy for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin (DOX) in TNBC. Among these, cell membrane-coated nanoparticles, exosome-sheathed porous silica nanoparticles, and FZD7-targeted nanoparticles have demonstrated substantial potential. These platforms improve drug delivery efficiency while minimizing systemic toxicity and adverse effects. Cell membrane-coated nanoparticles evade immune surveillance, allowing for selective targeting of TNBC cells. Exosome-sheathed nanoparticles facilitate the co-delivery of DOX with other therapeutic agents aimed at inhibiting cancer stem cell-driven epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. FZD7-targeted nanoparticles enhance DOX accumulation within tumor cells by binding specifically to FZD7 receptors, leading to increased apoptosis and reduced cancer cell metabolic activity. This review aims to examine recent advancements in nanoparticle-based delivery systems for DOX in the treatment of TNBC. It further explores various formulations-including liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles-used for DOX delivery, assesses active and passive targeting strategies, and evaluates the advantages of controlled drug release. The review also identifies current gaps in the literature and proposes future research directions to advance the clinical applicability of these systems. Emerging concepts such as the active transport and retention mechanism and macrophage-mediated delivery systems offer new opportunities to improve tumor localization and retention of DOX-loaded nanoparticles. Collectively, these developments underscore the transformative potential of nanoparticle-based DOX delivery in revolutionizing TNBC therapy.

ABSTRACT This study explores the complex intersections between sustainability policy and traditional labour of the weavers through a qualitative study of the handloom weaving industry in Sualkuchi, Assam. As India implements the Green Industrial Strategy (GIS) to promote decarbonisation; circular economies; green innovation and green job creation, this study tries to investigate how such interventions reshape the livelihoods, identities, and knowledge systems of weavers in one of the country’s oldest weaving hubs’. This study also advances the concepts of policy fatigue and a politics of fatigue, which emerge from the empirical narratives. Drawn from ethnographic fieldwork in 2024, the study tries to uncover both overt and subtle tensions emerging out from green modernisation. This article argues that GIS often reproduces hierarchies of power and knowledge under the banner of sustainability. This study thus calls for a more situated and inclusive green strategy. By highlighting aesthetic disruption, green tokenism, and everyday resistance, the coding process directly shaped the argument that sustainability is not a neutral shift but a contested terrain. These categories demonstrate how the Green Industrial Strategy becomes redefined within the handloom economy, turning top-down policy into lived negotiations of identity, labour, and survival.

Rice, a primary dietary component for over fifty percent of the global community, assumes a significant responsibility in the area of international food security. Monitoring the nutrient status of rice is essential for ensuring high yield and quality. Traditional methods of rice nutrition monitoring are often labor-intensive and time-consuming. The advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has modernized numerous agricultural practices, including the monitoring of rice nutrition. This paper provides a comprehensive review of AI-based techniques for rice nutrition monitoring, exploring the integration of various AI methodologies such as machine learning, deep learning, and image processing. The review highlights the advancements, challenges, and future directions in this field.