Keck Institute for Space Studies

INTRODUCTION: A thorough and timely investigation of any health-related problem is essential for disease prevention and treatment. The normal way of diagnosis may not be sufficient in the event of a serious illness problem.
 OBJECTIVE: Creating a medical diagnosis prototype that uses many machine learning processes to forecast any illness relied on symptoms explained by patients can lead to an errorless diagnosis as compared to the traditional ways.
 METHODS: We created a disease prediction prototype using ML techniques such as random forest, CART, multinomial linear regression, and KNN. The data set utilized for processing contained over 132 illnesses. Diagnosis algorithm outcomes the ailment that the person may be suffering from relied on the symptoms provided by the patients.
 RESULTS: When compared to CART and random forest (accuracy is 97.72%, multinomial linear regression and KNN produced the best outcomes. The accuracy of the KNN prediction and multinomial linear regression techniques was 98.76%.
 CONCLUSION: The diagnostic prototype can function as a doctor in the early detection of an illness, ensuring that medical care can begin in an appropriate time and many lives can be secured.

The ADAMTS7 locus has been identified in multiple recent genome-wide association studies as being associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) in humans. Based on these associations, we hypothesized that functional rare variants in the gene may be causal risk alleles for CAD in humans. In order to identify rare variants in the human ADAMTS7 gene, we used data from the NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project (ESP) of 6503 participants, which, as per Exome Variant Server (data release ESP6500SI-V2), identified 404 variants in the entire genic sequence of ADAMTS7, of which 169 were missense variants and 2 were nonsense variants. We acquired BAM files for the ADAMTS7 region in 5438 ESP samples and performed in-house realignment, filtering and variant calling for the ADAMTS7 gene using the following criteria; sequences needed ≥90% alignment to the reference sequence, as well as ≥2% better alignment to the actual ADAMTS7 gene vs. pseudogenes or else they were excluded from analysis. In these custom analyses we identified 103 missense and 2 nonsense variants. In addition, we performed Sanger sequencing of 200 PennCath patients (100 MI cases, 100 controls) using primer design that accounted for pseudogenes. For variant calling we only used data with 2X coverage in >50% of samples tested (19/28 amplicons). The Sanger sequence data revealed 27 missense and zero nonsense variants. Comparison of the custom analysis of ESP data and independent Sanger sequencing provided high-confidence calls for 12 coding variants (including the S214P variant, a lead SNP in the GWAS association) in the ADAMTS7 gene. In summary, several variants in the ADAMTS7 gene included in the Exome Variant Server appear to arise from pseudogenes, while a number of high-confidence ADAMTS7 variants are not included on the exome chip. By combining multiple sequencing technologies from multiple studies, we identified 12 variants located in the actual coding sequence of ADAMTS7 for future functional studies. In summary, pseuodogenes present a unique challenge to identifying coding variants in the age of exome and whole genome sequencing and require a customized strategy for sequence alignment and variant calling. ADAMTS7 provides a cautionary example and we present one approach to overcome these challenges.

The Photopolarimeter/Radiometer (PPR) is a remote sensing instrument on the Galileo Orbiter designed to measure the degree of linear polarization and the intensity of reflected sunlight in ten spectral channels between 410 and 945 nm to determine the physical properties of Jovian clouds and aerosols, and to characterize the texture and microstructure of satellite surfaces. The PPR also measures thermal radiation in five spectral bands between 15 and 100 μm to sense the upper tropospheric temperature structure. Two additional channels which measure spectrally integrated solar and solar plus thermal radiation are used to determine the planetary radiation budget components. The PPR photopolarimetric measurements utilize previously flown technology for high-precision polarimetry using a calcite Wollaston prism and two silicon photodiodes to enable simultaneous detection of the two orthogonal polarization components. The PPR radiometry measurements are made with a lithium tantalate pyroelectric detector utilizing a unique arrangement of radiometric stops and a scene/space chopper blade to enable a warm instrument to sense accurately the much colder scene temperatures.

HomeCirculationVol. 60, No. 4Comparison of M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography. Free AccessAbstractPDF/EPUBAboutView PDFSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyReddit Jump toFree AccessAbstractPDF/EPUBComparison of M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography. J Kisslo J KissloJ Kisslo Search for more papers by this author Originally published1 Oct 1979https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.60.4.734Circulation. 1979;60:734–736 Previous Back to top Next FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited By Kisslo J (1996) A letter from America, Heart, 10.1136/hrt.75.6_Suppl_2.43, 75:6 Suppl 2, (43-44), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1996. SKORTON D and COLLINS S (1984) Digital Computer Image Analysis in Echocardiography, Echocardiography, 10.1111/j.1540-8175.1984.tb00151.x, 1:1, (15-43), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1984. Schweizer P, Lambertz H and Erbel R (1983) Der Einsatz der Echokardiographie in der kardiologischen Notfallmedizin Fortschritte in der Kardiologie, 10.1007/978-3-642-72371-1_7, (69-78), . Noble L, Dabestani A, Child J and Krivokapich J (1982) Mitral Valve Prolapse, Chest, 10.1378/chest.82.2.158, 82:2, (158-163), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1982. Stack R and Kisslo J (1982) Ultrasound Myocardial Infarction, 10.1007/978-94-009-7452-4_9, (235-260), . Köhler E (1981) Morphologische Diagnostik mittels M-Mode-Echokardiographie in der Erwachsenenkardiologie Fortschritte in der Kardiologie, 10.1007/978-3-642-47066-0_12, (144-160), . Blömer H (1981) Koronarinsuffizienz: nicht-invasiv Fortschritte in der Kardiologie, 10.1007/978-3-642-47066-0_17, (193-204), . Stack R and Kisslo J (1980) Evaluation of the left ventricle with two dimensional echocardiography, The American Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/0002-9149(80)90281-7, 46:7, (1117-1124), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1980. October 1, 1979Vol 60, Issue 4 Advertisement Article InformationMetrics Copyright © 1979 by American Heart Associationhttps://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.60.4.734 Originally publishedOctober 1, 1979 PDF download Advertisement

A review of big-bang cosmology is presented, emphasizing the big-bang model, hypotheses on the origin of galaxies, observational tests of the big-bang model that may be possible with the Large Space Telescope, and the scale-covariant theory of gravitation. Detailed attention is given to the equations of general relativity, the redshift-distance relation for extragalactic objects, expansion of the universe, the initial singularity, the discovery of the 3-K blackbody radiation, and measurements of the amount of deuterium in the universe. The curvature of the expanding universe is examined along with the magnitude-redshift relation for quasars and galaxies. Several models for the origin of galaxies are evaluated, and it is suggested that a model of galaxy formation via the formation of black holes is consistent with the model of an expanding universe. Scale covariance is discussed, a scale-covariant theory is developed which contains invariance under scale transformation, and it is shown that Dirac's (1937) large-numbers hypothesis finds a natural role in this theory by relating the atomic and Einstein units.

Real-time, two-dimensional echocardiography was used to document the presence and assess the size and location of vegetative lesions of the cardiac valves and chambers in seven patients with bacterial endocarditis. Anatomic correlation (surgical or autopsy) was accurate in all patients. Two-dimensional echocardiography was shown to be of particular value in determining morphologic characteristics of the lesions since this technique provides spatial information concerning moving cardiac structures. The results of two-dimensional echocardiography were most helpful in determining selected aspects of the clinical care provided for each patient. These data demonstrate that real-time, two-dimensional echocardiography, in combination with M-mode imaging techniques, may be of great potential value in the detection of vegetative endocarditis. Furthermore, reliable assessment of lesion size and location may, in time, become a valuable method for following the morphologic changes that occur in vegetative lesions, and thus determine the efficacy of antibiotic therapy. This information may also provide a means for evaluating certain patients for surgical intervention.

A new two-dimensional ultrasound imaging system capable of producing high resolution tomographic images of the heart in real time has been developed. This system relies on phased array principles to rapidly steer the ultrasound beam through the structures under investigation. A hand-held linear array of 16 ultrasound transducers with overall dimensions of 14 mm at the site of contanct may be readily manipulated to image various cardiac structures. The resulting images are displayed in a circular sector format, 60 degrees in azimuth and typically 15 cm in range. At his maximum range, image frames consisting of 256 lines are generated at the rate of 20 frames/second. High azimuthal resolution throughout the field of view is assured by a focused transmit beam and by sweeping the focus of the receiver is synchrony with the range of returning echoes. Azimuthal resolution varies from 2 to 5 mm throughout the field of view while range resolution is 1.5 mm. This imaging system has proven particularly useful for the delineation of left ventricular spatial geometry by the identification of endocardium, myocardium, papillary muscles and interventricular septum. High quality images of anterior and posterior mitral leaflets, aortic root and aortic leaflets as well as left atrium and other cardiac structures have been obtained.

The echocardiograms of 46 patients with aortic insufficiency which manifested typical high frequency vibrations of the anterior mitral valve leaflet were reviewed. All patients had overt clinical evidence of aortic insufficiency which was confirmed by angiography in 17 cases. In 17 cases (eight of whom underwent catheterization and angiography), high frequency diastolic vibrations of the interventricular septum of similar frequency to those on the anterior mitral leaflet were observed. This finding was not seen in 100 control echocardiograms from patients without clinical evidence of aortic insufficiency, and represents a previously undescribed echocardiographic manifestation of this lesion.