Khorugh State University

This article explores the issue of traditional magical practices aimed at protecting pregnant women and the fetus among the inhabitants of the Western Pamirs. Based on fieldwork materials, analysis of oral traditions, and source data, the author examines this subject. The author emphasizes the importance of magical practices as part of a comprehensive system of traditional knowledge for safeguarding reproductive health in conditions of limited access to formal medicine. The study provides insight into the interaction of cultural, religious, and medical aspects in the everyday life of mountain communities in the Pamirs in the past.

The different DNA building block topologies include linear, circular, and branched DNA (bDNA). Complex molecular design has led to the production of various functional nanomaterials incorporating the significant properties of bDNA. In our study, we demonstrate two different methods for topology sampling of bDNA in modeling. The first method consists of sampling Ralstonia solanacearum cells and culturing them in a nutrient medium. The propagated cells are then stored from which their DNA is collected, and sequenced to form Y and X-shaped bDNA. The second method only took an in-silico approach where we formed branches Y and X of DNA in 3D mode using bioinformatics retainer databases. A set of sequences designed by software comprising Maya, bio-blender, and discovery studio (DS) software that can produce 3D models. These models will help us in the laboratory to carry out a precise laboratory simulation to detect bDNA design which can be useful in diagnostics. Although the first trial was unsuccessful, the use of a software simulation in a second trial was the most successful and yielded several 3D models of bDNA, which could be used in the laboratory simulation of molecular diagnostic strains that express genes. These models were used in molecular diagnostic assays which are sensitive, specific, and reliable tools in the detection of virulence genes of some diseases such as fusarium oxysporum, phytphthora fragariae, and botrytis cinerea. This platform not only offers a means for screening the potential activity of molecular diagnostics but also presents opportunities for time and cost savings.

Silymarin is a constitutive secondary metabolite extracted fromSilybum marianumseeds with wide therapeutic and medical effects. Gamma irradiation could be a powerful tool for obtaining promising mutated genotypes of S. marianum with high contents of flavonolignans. The transcript levels of the chalcone synthase genes (CHS1, CHS2, and CHS3), encoded for silymarin, in response to two different gamma irradiation doses (200 and 600GY) were determined using qRT-PCR. Also, Molecular isolation and characterization of chalcone synthase genes and its encoded protein were investigated via bioinformatics tools. Results of qRT-PCR confirmed that exposure of S. marianum seeds to gamma irradiation up-regulated the expression of the CHS1, CHS2 and CHS3 genes which could be positively correlated with increasing of silymarin content in the fruits. In conclusion, the increasing of flavonolignans content conflicts a great contribution in the field of medicine.