Kite Solutions (Italy)

Objective. This study focused on the quantification of vibration which reaches the hands of motocross riders and on the reduction of such vibration thanks to the handlebar and handlebar mounts. Background. Vibration transmitted through the hand and arm can lead to vascular and musculoskeletal problems that are well documented in the scientific literature. Controlled studies identifying plate-handlebar characteristics effects on the vibration attenuation in motocross are lacking. Methods. We measured the vibration exposure of professional and recreational motocross riders on a motocross track and replicated the vibration patterns on a LDS V930 shaker in the laboratory, to analyze the effectiveness of various components in reducing the rider vibration exposure. Laboratory tests were performed with ten subjects randomly gripping different combinations of handlebars and steering plates, and questionnaires were used to evaluate the comfort. Objective measurements of vibration reduction were then compared to the subjective values of perceived comfort. Results. According to the current EU legislation, the measured vibration levels reach the exposure limit in less than 1h. The mechanical characteristics of the handlebars and steering plates have a limited effect on the vibration transmitted to the rider's hands. The rubber elements that many manufacturers use to reduce the vibration have limited effects at frequencies that are harmful for the musculoskeletal system. Questionnaires results have no correlation with the measured plate and handlebar performances. Conclusions. Most of the techniques used to reduce the hand-arm vibration exposure of motocross drivers are ineffective.

This paper presents a preliminary contribution of a Human Factors (HF) approach to prevention of Adverse Drug Events (ADEs), developed within the European research project Patient Safety through Intelligent Procedures in medication (PSIP). Following an introduction on the role and relevance of HF in ADEs prevention, a number of systemic weaknesses encountered during the field activity analysis are presented and discussed. Semi-structured interviews and observations of medication cycle activities led to infer potential unreliability of some decision-making and drug administration procedures. In particular, the usage of current electronic support systems emerged as a crucial related element. These findings represent an initial contribution which will be further developed within PSIP, as HF have been recognised fundamental contributors to ADEs epidemiological knowledge and appropriate prevention.

This article presents data from an evaluation of the Pennsylvania Student Assistance Program (SAP). Focusing on both program process and effectiveness, the evaluation was conducted to determine the overall efficacy of SAPs in Pennsylvania and, more specifically, how SAP is currently being implemented. Five data collection strategies were employed: statewide surveys of SAP team members and county administrators, focus groups, site visits, and the Pennsylvania Department of Education SAP Database. A total of 1204 individual team members from 154 school buildings completed the team member survey. Fifty-three county administrators completed the county administrator survey. Focus groups were comprised of SAP coordinators, school board personnel and community agency staff. Site visits were conducted at five schools. The findings of the evaluation indicate that SAP in Pennsylvania is being implemented as designed. Recommended is the development of benchmarks and indicators that focus on the best SAP practices and the extent to which various indicators of the effectiveness of SAP are occurring at appropriate levels.