Korea Golf University

The use of chloride-based deicing salts, particularly sodium chloride (NaCl) and calcium chloride (CaCl2), is a common practice in cold regions for maintaining road safety during winter. However, the accumulation of salt residues in adjacent soils poses serious environmental threats, including reduced pH, increased electrical conductivity (EC), disrupted soil structure, and plant growth inhibition. This study aimed to evaluate the combined effect of activated carbon (AC) and Pennisetum alopecuroides, a salt-tolerant perennial grass, in alleviating salinity stress under deicer-treated soils. A factorial greenhouse experiment was conducted using three fixed factors: (i) presence or absence of Pennisetum alopecuroides, (ii) deicer type (NaCl or CaCl2), and (iii) activated carbon mixing ratio (0, 1, 2, 5, and 10%). Soil pH, EC, and ion concentrations (Na+, Cl−, Ca2+) were measured, along with six plant growth indicators. The results showed that increasing AC concentrations significantly increased pH and reduced EC and ion accumulation, with the 5% AC treatment being optimal in both deicer systems. Plant physiological responses were improved in AC-amended soils, especially under CaCl2 treatment, indicating less ion toxicity and better root zone conditions. The interaction effects between AC, deicer type, and plant presence were statistically significant (p < 0.05), supporting a synergistic remediation mechanism involving both adsorption and biological uptake. Despite the limitations of short-term controlled conditions, this study offers a promising phytomanagement strategy using natural adsorbents and salt-tolerant plants for sustainable remediation of salt-affected soils in road-adjacent and urban environments.

Miscanthus sinensis Andersson (Poaceae) cultivars exhibit excellent visual appeal as ornamental grasses and adapt well to diverse environmental conditions. This study focused on assessing the growth response and landscape durability of seven popular Miscanthus cultivars ('Gold Breeze', 'Strictus', 'Morning Light', 'Variegatus', 'Gracillimus', 'Kleine Fontäne', 'Common') under drought, rainfall and low temperature condition. The test cultivars were transplanted and cultivated on research plots in 2013, with data collected from June 2017 to February 2018. Plant materials were categorized into three types based on the amount of the water lost; group I ('Kleine Fontäne', 'Variegatus', 'Strictus'), experiencing the most significant water loss; group II ('Common', 'Gracillimus'); and group III ('Gold Breeze', 'Morning Light') where the least water loss occurred. The drought resistance index (DRI) remained low as water shortage conditions persisted. The lodged angle underwent more pronounced changes in reproductive growth stage than in vegetative growth stage, notably decreasing after heading. Discoloration patterns were classified into two types: group I ('Common', 'Gold Breeze', 'Kleine Fontäne', 'Strictus') and group II ('Gracillimus', 'Morning Light', 'Variegatus') based on the periods of peak duration.

Swing tempo, rhythm and swing plane are shown to be important in maintaining the performance. However, nearly all studies utilized optical motion capture system for the planar behavior of golf swings and the movement of the club. The primary aim of this study was to develop inertial measurement unit sensor-based swing motion analysis algorithm, and validate against an optical motion camera system by comparing the estimated clubhead trajectories during the golf swing. Then, the tempo, rhythm and functional swing plane were investigated using a validated wearable inertial sensor. Fourteen male golfers performed repeated swings for three clubs (driver, 7-iron, and wedge) and at three distances (30 m, 50 m, and 70 m using the wedge). The swing tempo of all the participants was consistent across different clubs. The swing rhythm tends to decrease for club types with less carrying distance. The functional swing plane slope tends to decrease for club types with greater carrying distance. Our study demonstrated a potential application of a wearable inertial measurement unit system for analyzing golf performance parameters.

Although there has been a remarkable increase in the supply of domestic golf courses in South Korea, the demand for golf trips is believed to have reached a plateau. In this competitive environment, golf course managers need to examine diverse constraining factors that discourage their customers from visiting the facilities, and learn how those constraints are managed by golf tourists through a variety of strategies. Using a choice modeling, this study provides useful opportunities to better understand golf tourists’ choices made by intricate comparisons between negotiation strategies that help relieve the impact of golfing constraints. The results indicate that levels of perceived importance vary on several constraint attributes when golf tourists make decisions for golf trips. This study also identifies heterogeneous preferences for negotiation strategies between two golf tourist groups segmented based on their golfing experiences.

고산지역 기후 환경에서 크리핑 벤트그래스품종의 생육특성을 비교 분석하여 그린과 페어웨이조건에 적합한 품종을 선발하기 위해본 실험을 실시하였다. 먼저 경기중부, 영서시내, 영서 고산지대의 기후환경 데이터를 비교 분석하였을 때, 고도에 따른 기후의 차이가 위도에 따른 지역 차이보다 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 영서산악지대에 USGA 방식의 그린용 지반과 캘리포니아식의 페어웨이 지반의 시험포장을 조성한 후 5가지 종류의 크리핑 벤트그래스 품종을 파종하여 두 지반에 따라 깎는 높이를 달리하여 3년간 생육기간의 품종별 생육특성을 비교 분석하였다. 봄철 그린 업 측정한 결과 'T-1'과 'CY-2'는 타 품종들 보다 좀 그린업이 빨랐으나 'Penncross'는 그린업이 가장 더딘 것으로 나타났다. 그린과 페어웨이 예고환경에서 비슷한 결과가 나타났다. 실험기간 중 'T-1' 품종이 전반적인 시각적 품질평가 결과와 전반적인 뿌리길이에서 가장 우수하였으나 하절기에는 'Penncross'의 뿌리 길이와 건중량이 높았고, 'Penn A-1' 품종이 가장 낮은 결과를 보였다. 전반적으로 페어웨이에서도 그린조건에서와 같이 'T-1', 'CY-2' 품종이 엽색, 피복도, 뿌리길이 등 양호한 생육특성을 보였다. This experiment was carried out for the selection of suitable cultivars on the green and fairway at the mountain area. The climate data showed that differences of altitude influenced greater than latitude on temperature and rainfall when compared with 3 areas of the central of Gyeong-gi and Yeong-seo, and the mountain area at Yeong-seo. The plot was prepared with the USGA profiles for green and modified California style for fairway at the mountain golf course in Wonju, Korea. The growth characteristics were compared on two different profiles for 3 years of growing seasons after seeding with 5 creeping bentgrass cultivars. 'T-1' and 'CY-2' showed a rapid greenup compare with other cultivars in spring of 2010 with the both green and fairway mowing height. However, 'Penncross' resulted the slowest among cultivars. 'T-1' showed the most prominent visual quality of overall rate and the deepest root length after one year of seeding, while 'Penncross' showed an excellent result of root length and weight during summer season. However, 'Penn A-1' had an imperial result in that season. Comparison of the growth characteristics under green and fairway conditions, 'T-1' and 'CY-2' showed exellent overall results at the mountain area at Yeong-seo area in Korea.