Korean Constitutional Law Association

The article examines the dissolution of parliament as a constitutional and legal institution characteristic of states with parliamentary and mixed forms of government. The emphasis is placed on disclosing the use of the right to dissolve parliament in Great Britain, Germany, France, and the Scandinavian countries. The institution under consideration, on the one hand, can contribute to the resolution of constitutional crises and serve as a pretext for finding compromises in constitutional conflicts. On the other hand, it can be used by the ruling party to conduct an election campaign for parliament at a more convenient time for itself. Modern trends in the development of this institution are tightening legal requirements for its implementation, as well as minimizing the cases of its use in practice.

Ensuring occupational safety in unstable industries such as construction and agriculture is critical because of the high level of risk to workers. These industries require careful regulation by state and international organizations. The International Labor Organization (hereinafter – ILO) and the European Union (hereinafter – EU) develop standards and directives to protect workers’ health in such settings. The purpose of the study is a comparative analysis of these international norms and recommendations for improving national legislation. The following scientific methods were used in the survey: logical method, system method, statistical method, dialectical method, metaphysical method, law, and method of legal forecasting.

Summary The article deals with the Slovak Constitutional Court’s approach to the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights as a potential source of constitutional review. It analyses selected SCC decisions in order to evaluate and generalise the SCC attitude. The main focus is on defining the constitutional status of the EU Charter within the Slovak constitutional order. The up-to-date practice of the Constitutional Court is associated with an inevitable confusion when formally the Charter belongs among the sources of constitutional review, but by applying the doctrine of self-restriction, the SCC uses it only in a subsidiary way or in the form of a soft interpretation instrument to support its reasoning.

El presente trabajo se propone clarificar los múltiples contornos de los derechos a la vivienda, con una particular referencia a la dimensión regional europea evidenciando los elementos de juicio utilizados por el TEDH. En concreto, la tutela de los derechos a la vivienda sigue diferentes vías, con la combinación de una pluralidad de mecanismos de protección que pueden combinarse de manera variada entre ellos y que son, ante todo, de carácter político, pero que implican también la intervención de medidas de carácter administrativo y jurisdiccional. “The protection of fundamental rights in Europe and the possible protection standards: Case study on the recognition of the social dimension of housing rights by the ECtHR.”
 Abstract
 With this work we aim to clarify the multifaceted contours of housing rights, with particular reference to the European context, highlighting the standards of judgment used by the ECHR. In particular, the protection of house rights follows various and articulated paths, making use of the combination of a plurality of protection mechanisms that can variously combine and which are primarily political, but which also impose the intervention of administrative and jurisdictional measures.

After the adoption of the Electoral Code, the Ukrainian electoral system entered a new state of evolution. The paper presents the basic principles of electing People’s Deputies on the basis of the Electoral Code with regard to the earlier stages of changes in Ukrainian electoral law. The Polish literature has not dealt analytically with these solutions so far. Probably the time will come when they will be implemented. The author’s intention is to describe the characteristics of the Code in the part concerning the election of popular deputies. The President of Ukraine’s proposal to amend Art. 76 and 77 of the Constitution providing for the reduction of the number of deputies to 300, the introduction of censorship for speaking the mother tongue as a condition for running for the Verkhovna Rada and the constitutionalization of a proportional electoral system indicate that the process of shaping the principles of electing People’s Deputies in Ukraine is not yet complete.

In August 1926 and April 1989 the Polish constitutions in force at that time were amended. Substantively these amendments have nothing in common, yet they have many common features, which the author of this article tries to show. In particular, the author draws attention to the fact that they have been used in a way that goes far beyond a formal system correction. The political practice based on them, which differed from the constitutional assumptions, brought fundamental changes in the political system and its evaluation has not been and still is not carried out from the point of view of observance of constitutional standards and the nature of undertaken actions, whether they were aimed to authoritarianism as after May 1926, or to democratization as after April and especially after June 1989.

The essence and nature of civil (personal) rights, securement of which is the main criterion for the legitimacy of state power is found. Implementation of civil rights, according to the author, is closely linked to the political rights of citizens enshrined in the Constitution.

This article explores the concept of legal values of civil society and its relationship with the legal consciousness of citizens and the democratic transformation. Such basic legal values as freedom, equality, justice, private property, protection of rights and freedoms of man and citizen are characterized. It analyzed the need for a clearly developed and rationalized