Kostanai State Pedagogical University

Decisions made by migrating animals can impact individual fitness and population dynamics.1,2 For avian migrants, these decisions can be affected by environmental3,4,5,6,7 and anthropogenic8,9,10,11,12 factors and by internal13,14,15,16,17,18 states. However, recent reviews have pointed to multiple gaps in our understanding of these decisions.19,20,21,22 We studied the decisions made by migrating endangered Steppe Eagles Aquila nipalensis by tracking individuals for up to 7 years with GPS transmitters. We used weather reanalysis models and high-resolution remote sensing to obtain environmental and anthropogenic information.23,24 Using complementary statistical methods, we differentiated between two behavioral states, migratory flights and stopovers, and studied how different factors shape the birds' movements and the transition between these states.25,26 Most prominently, we detected effects of experience on the birds' response to anthropogenic habitats, with juvenile eagles drawn to them, adults avoiding them, and sub-adults showing no preference. Experience also affected the choice of tailwind and flight direction during migration, with juvenile individuals choosing stronger winds and more direct routes than more experienced eagles. During stopover, experienced eagles flew greater distances than less experienced eagles, and during both stopover and migratory periods, stronger tailwinds increased the distance birds moved. Finally, winds blowing toward the migratory direction increased the probability that a bird would initiate migration after a stopover, while opposite winds had the opposite effect. Our results advance our understanding of the ontogeny of bird migration and the effects of environmental and anthropogenic factors on migratory decision-making, with implications for the conservation of migratory species.

The article discusses the mechanisms of interaction between government and business in the form of public-private partnership in the field of agricultural production of the Komi Republic and the Kostanay region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The paper analyzes the program-target approach implemented through regional and departmental target programs, including through the State Program for the development of agriculture and regulation of agricultural products, raw materials and food markets. The strategy of socio-economic development for the period up to 2035 is presented, one of the priorities of which is to ensure stable economic growth, including the development of the territory of the smart agro-industrial complex, providing the population with its own high-quality and environmentally friendly products. Its main measures and tasks for the implementation of the policy in this direction are outlined. 
 The most important tool for implementing the Strategy is considered, particularly the state program of the Republic of Komi “Development of agriculture and regulation of agricultural products, raw materials and food markets, development of the fisheries complex”, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Republic of Komi dated October 31, 2019 № 525, which has its own conditions, features and targets. The actual data on the state of agriculture in the Komi Republic for 2018-2021, the level of self-sufficiency in the main types of agricultural products, the production of agricultural products, the level of average monthly wages of agricultural workers, the level of profitability of goods sold (works, services) are presented.
 The conclusion is made about the importance of state support and regulation of the agricultural sector.

The study aims to identify the underlying causes, risks and protection factors in the field of suicidal behavior among pedagogical students to understand and reduce the prevalence of victimization and suicide in the education system. The analysis of suicidal risk factors and protective mechanisms among pedagogical students is carried out based on the results of psychological testing, correlation and factor analysis. Results of the study show that the following two factors greatly influence suicidal behavior among pedagogical students. Firstly, there is "Psychological (personal) risk factor of suicidal behavior", which combines indicators of destructive personality of students, leading to suicidal behavior. Secondly, there is "Conflict socio-environmental risk factor of suicidal behavior" that combines indicators of disharmonious upbringing and disharmonious relationships with the immediate environment. Moreover, in stressful situations, most future teachers from the "risk group" use non-constructive strategies of the protective mechanisms "projection" and "regression" and have a high level of an overall tension index of these mechanisms. It is found that the suicidal factors, characteristic for pedagogical students, do not differ from the suicidal factors characteristic for students from other specialties. These factors affect a large number of pedagogical students (41.5%). There might be several risk factors at once, which increases the likelihood of suicidal thoughts and actions. The results of the study can be used to predict and prevent suicidal behavior among pedagogical students and increase the effectiveness of the psychological services of universities.

Az eurázsiai sztyeppék kiemelkedő szerepet játszanak a biodiverzitás megőrzésében, azonban az elmúlt századokban tapasztalható élőhelypusztulás következtében sok esetben csak kis kiterjedésű refúgiumokban maradtak fent. Ilyen refúgiumok az ősi sztyeppi temetkezési halmok (halomsírok, más néven kurgánok), melyek nem csupán kulturális és történelmi, hanem természetvédelmi szempontból is kiemelt jelentőségűek. Nagy számuk (megközelítőleg fél millió halom található Eurázsiában) és természetvédelmi jelentőségük ellenére a halmok előfordulásáról és természetvédelmi helyzetéről Eurázsia jelentős részén nem rendelkezünk átfogó ismeretekkel. A probléma megoldása érdekében létrehoztunk egy nyilvános, mindenki által elérhető nemzetközi adatbázist, mely lehetővé teszi a halmokkal kapcsolatos adatok gyűjtését és lekérdezését. Az adatbázis jelenleg 2645 rekordot tartalmaz; ebből 563 lokalitásokat jelöl és 2082 rekord nyújt részletes információt a halmokról. Az adatbázisban gyűjtött információk: lokalitás, fotódokumentáció, kulturális értékek, valamint a természetvédelmi szempontból fontos tényezők (például a földhasználat típusa, veszélyeztető tényezők, fásszárú fajok jelenléte). Az adatbázis átlátható, nyilvános és könnyen használható forrást biztosít a füves élőhelyekkel foglalkozó természetvédelmi szakemberek és kutatók számára, de a nagyközönség és a kulturális örökség megőrzésével foglalkozó civil szervezetek érdeklődésére is számot tarthat. Célunk egy nemzetközi szintű összefogás kezdeményezése, amely az adatok szisztematikus gyűjtése által képes átfogó képet adni Eurázsia halmainak természetvédelmi és kulturális értékeiről.

Background: The study aims to identify the underlying causes, risks and protection factors in the field of suicidal behavior among pedagogical students to understand and reduce the prevalence of victimization and suicide in the education system.Subject and methods: The analysis of suicidal risk factors and protective mechanisms among pedagogical students is carried out based on the results of psychological testing, correlation and factor analysis.Results: Results of the study show that the following two factors greatly influence suicidal behavior among pedagogical students. Firstly, there is “Psychological (personal) risk factor of suicidal behavior”, which combines indicators of destructive personality of students, leading to suicidal behavior. Secondly, there is “Conflict socio environmental risk factor of suicidal behavior” that combines indicators of disharmonious upbringing and disharmonious relationships with the immediate environment. Moreover, in stressful situations, most future teachers from the “risk group” use non-constructive strategies of the protective mechanisms “projection” and “regression” and have a high level of an overall tension index of these mechanisms. Conclusions: It is found that the suicidal factors, characteristic for pedagogical students, do not differ from the suicidal factors characteristic for students from other specialties. These factors affect a large number of pedagogical students (41.5%). There might be several risk factors at once, which increases the likelihood of suicidal thoughts and actions. The results of the study can be used to predict and prevent suicidal behavior among pedagogical students and increase the effectiveness of the psychological services of universities.

The article discusses the interpretation of antique female images, reflected in “Medea. Voices” by German writer Christa Wolf. The discrepancy between moral standards and surrounding reality left an imprint on issues of traditional values and caused serious difficulties in assessing what was happening around. Of particular interest is the author’s position on female images, and, in particular, the image of the main character, through which she debunks the patriarchal lie about strong women and contrasts two completely different cultures: matriarchy and patriarchy, new and old social forms. By identifying the similarities and differences between the narrative structures of the novel and the primary sources, Ch. Wolf's attitude to historical events in Germany in the 90s of the 20th century is analyzed. Ch. Wolf retains in her novel about the past the features of the language of the depicted era, the speech flavor of the time of creation of the primary sources. The article discusses the need to include intertext in the work being created, which allows a more in-depth understanding of the text, which is not always possible, since the author can enter information from other sources into his work, thereby allowing the text not to be understood due to the explication of multidimensional links with other texts. Through labeling, identification and opposition to texts of other authors the writer creates her own text and establishes her own personality.

Abstract Eurasian steppes have an essential role in conserving biodiversity, but due to the huge habitat loss in the past centuries they are often preserved only in small refuges. Among such refuges are the ancient steppic burial mounds (the so called ‘kurgans’) which have a high cultural and historical importance and are also essential sites of nature conservation. Despite their high number (approximately half million) and conservational importance there is a huge lack of knowledge on the locality and conservational state of the kurgans in most regions of Eurasia. To fill this knowledge gap, we built a public database which allows to record and query basic information on their cultural values and factors (such as land cover type, threatening factors, cover of woody species) that might serve as a basis for their effective conservation. The database provides a transparent, public and easy-to-use source for conservation managers and landscape planners focussed on grassland conservation. In addition, it also provides background information for other associate disciplines and public agencies dealing with the protection of cultural heritage.

Behavior of young birds can have important consequences for population dynamics. We investigated the autumnal post-fledging movements of 3 White-tailed Sea Eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) hatched in Kazakhstan. All 3 eagles traveled south, flying on average 25–108 km/d. Movement was nonrandom, with eagles generally traveling near mosaics of forest, open areas, and water, and rarely using areas with little vegetation. As the first study of movements of White-tailed Sea Eagles in arid Central Asia, this study provides insight into potential limiting factors and how these birds interact with their environment during long-distance movements.

Introduction: the problem of organizing students’ independent work/self-study is not new, but the changes in the higher school for the last two decades show that the experience accumulated in the traditional educational model can be applied only when it is processed in the present-day conditions. The article analyses the innovative component of the educational process in terms of a significant increase in the volume of compulsory independent work in the university. Particular attention is paid to determining the levels of the formation of skills for independent work in terms of students’ readiness for its implementa¬tion. The aim of the research is to identify the most significant skills of independent work for successful study at the university. Materials and Methods: the research is based on general scholarly methods: analysis, comparison, generalisation. A questionnaire survey was carried out and a correlation analysis of the results was presented. The mathematical statistics methods in Excel application were u sed for processing the survey data. Results: the article focused on the relevance of formation the students’ ability to work independently in the learning process. Requirements for professionals recognize the need for knowledge and skills, but more importantly, the ability and readiness to complete this knowledge and be in a state of continuous education and self-education. In turn, readiness to self-education cannot exist without independent work. The ratio of students to work independently and their skills’ levels in this area of the gnostic, design, structural, organisational and communicative blocks were identified because o f the research. Discussion and Conclusions: the levels of the formation of the skills for independent work influence on the success of the learning. There is a correlation between indicators of achievement and the ability to work independently. Organisation and communication skills have significant effect on the first-year student. The results of education is closely linked to the skills for independent work. The results of the research presented in the article can be used by teachers in the preparation of educational and methodical complexes in the development of materials for the organisation of students’ independent work. Improving the academic performance of the students needs to shift the focus of the educational process in the direction of independence. It is necessary to develop the effective teaching methods of rational self-employment and the need for purposeful formation of the ability to work in dependently.