Kostanay State University A Baitursynov

Postharvest loss of tropical fruits remains a significant challenge for food security and sustainability, as their delicate texture and high metabolic activity make them highly susceptible to rapid deterioration through handling and distribution. This study investigates the application of an edible coating technique to reduce loss, deterioration, and spoilage, and to increase the shelf-life of guava fruit. The fruits were immersed in chitosan and edible oils (moringa, lemongrass, marjoram, and rosemary). Chitosan (2%) and 1–2% moringa oil extended the shelf life of fruits by up to 24 days. Moringa oil at 1–2% mitigated the loss in fruit weight compared to 1% chitosan after the 24th day of storage, and the fruits had superior quality attributes (TSS, vitamin C, sugar content). The findings show that 2% chitosan and 1–2% moringa oil were the most effective treatments, reducing weight loss to about 10–25% compared to nearly 50% in untreated fruits and maintaining overall fruit quality. These treatments boosted peroxidase (POD) activity, reaching a peak of 76.47 U/g and keeping hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels low at 24.25 µmol g-¹ FW, signalling strong protection against oxidative stress. On the chemical side, they maintained higher total soluble solids (13.17 °Brix), total sugars (11.36%), and vitamin C (32.49 mg/100 mL), while keeping acidity lower (0.82%). By comparison, lemongrass and marjoram oil treatments were far less effective, showing faster weight loss and oxidative damage levels similar to those of the control group. Chitosan and oil coatings substantially reduce bacteria and yeasts/moulds on guava fruits, and moringa oil treatment improved physio-biochemical characteristics and reduced postharvest disease spoilage. The results highlight that natural coatings, particularly chitosan and moringa oil, not only preserved the physio-biochemical quality of guava but also offered a sustainable, biodegradable solution that can help reduce food loss, limit reliance on synthetic chemicals, and support environmentally responsible postharvest management practices.

Brucellosis continues to pose a substantial zoonotic risk in Kazakhstan; however, evidence describing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of cattle farmers and veterinary personnel remains limited. A cross-sectional study was undertaken between May and October 2024 across twelve administrative locations nationwide. Structured questionnaires were administered to 506 cattle farmers and 33 veterinary professionals, and the data were evaluated using descriptive analyses and univariable logistic regression. Awareness of brucellosis in cattle was relatively high among farmers, yet understanding of its implications for human health was markedly lower. In contrast, animal health workers demonstrated consistently higher levels of knowledge (OR: 12.6; 95% CI: 9.88-16.34; p < 0.001). Several practices associated with zoonotic transmission were commonly reported by farmers, including handling aborted materials without protective gloves, consumption of unpasteurised milk, and leaving reproductive tissues in grazing areas. Nevertheless, most farmers expressed readiness to adopt preventive measures, particularly cattle vaccination and the use of basic protective practices. These findings reveal important gaps between awareness and behavior that may contribute to continued transmission of brucellosis. Strengthening farmer education through locally tailored, One Health-based interventions offers a practical pathway to improving brucellosis control and enhancing cattle productivity in Kazakhstan.

New data on the Lepidoptera fauna of Northern Kazakhstan are presented based on materials collected during the 2025 field season. Field surveys were conducted in several districts of the region (Tayynsha, Akkayin, Esil, Shal akyn, and Aiyrtau districts). As a result of the study, 250 species of Lepidoptera belonging to 27 families were recorded. Forty-five species are reported for the first time from the studied territory. The obtained data supplement previously published information on the Lepidoptera fauna of Northern Kazakhstan and indicate that the region remains insufficiently studied.

В данной работе представлен метод генерации и классификации ультразвуковых изображений опухолей рака молочной железы, основанный на генеративно-состязательных сетях Вассерштейна с градиентным штрафом (WGAN-GP) и трансферном обучении (ТО). Для устранения дисбаланса данных с помощью WGAN-GP было создано 227 дополнительных изображений злокачественных опухолей. Классификация изображений выполнялась с использованием моделей EfficientNetB4, ResNet152, VGG19, Xception, InceptionV3 и DenseNet121, при этом трансферное обучение позволило адаптировать предобученные модели к задаче выявления злокачественных новообразований. Наилучшие результаты продемонстрировали DenseNet121, Xception и InceptionV3, достигнув точности (accuracy) выше 93%, Recall и F1-score, а также ROC-кривых (AUC&gt; 0.98). Предложенный метод сочетания WGAN-GP и трансферного обучения значительно повышает точность диагностики опухолей молочной железы за счёт генерации данных и балансировки датасета.

The article examines the relationship between the dynamics of the agricultural sector and ensuring food security in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The macroeconomic and sectoral indicators for 2010-2024 are analyzed, including the growth rates of gross domestic product and gross agricultural output, as well as labor productivity in the agricultural sector in comparison with the economy as a whole and other sectors. Positive trends have been identified in increasing agricultural production while reducing its share in the GDP structure, which indicates the structural vulnerability of the sector. It is determined that the level of labor productivity in agriculture remains significantly lower compared to other sectors of the economy, despite its growth, which indicates a technological and organizational lag. It is shown that the lag of the agricultural sector in key indicators limits its contribution to ensuring domestic food demand and achieving sustainable food security. The necessity of modernizing the agricultural infrastructure, increasing the efficiency of resource use and developing human capital is substantiated. Methods of comparative and dynamic analysis, as well as elements of structural comparison are used. Recommendations for improving the state agrarian policy and directions for further research in the field of increasing the efficiency and sustainability of agricultural production in Kazakhstan are formulated. The significance of the results obtained is determined by their practical applicability for the development of strategic measures to support the agricultural sector in the context of external and internal challenges. Мақалада аграрлық сектордың серпіні мен Қазақстан Республикасының азық-түлік қауіпсіздігін қамтамасыз ету арасындағы ӛзара байланыс қарастырылған. Жалпы ішкі ӛнімнің және ауыл шаруашылығының жалпы ӛнімінің ӛсу қарқынын, сондай-ақ жалпы экономикамен және басқа секторлармен салыстырғанда аграрлық саладағы еңбек ӛнімділігін қоса алғанда, 2010-2024 жылдардағы макроэкономикалық және салалық кӛрсеткіштерге талдау жасалды. Аграрлық ӛндіріс кӛлемінің ұлғаюында оның ЖІӚ құрылымындағы үлесінің бір мезгілде тӛмендеуінде оң үрдістер анықталды, бұл сектордың құрылымдық осалдығын кӛрсетеді. Ауыл шаруашылығындағы еңбек ӛнімділігінің деңгейі оның ӛсуіне қарамастан экономиканың басқа секторларымен салыстырғанда айтарлықтай тӛмен болып қалатыны анықталды, бұл технологиялық және ұйымдастырушылық артта қалушылықты кӛрсетеді. Аграрлық сектордың негізгі кӛрсеткіштер бойынша артта қалуы оның ішкі азық-түлік сұранысын қамтамасыз етуге және тұрақты азық-түлік қауіпсіздігіне қол жеткізуге қосқан үлесін шектейтіні кӛрсетілген. Аграрлық инфрақұрылымды жаңғырту, ресурстарды пайдалану тиімділігін арттыру және адами капиталды дамыту қажеттілігі негізделген. Салыстырмалы және динамикалық талдау әдістері, сондай-ақ құрылымдық салыстыру элементтері қолданылады. Мемлекеттік аграрлық саясатты жетілдіру және Қазақстандағы аграрлық ӛндірістің тиімділігі мен тұрақтылығын арттыру саласындағы одан әрі зерттеу бағыттары бойынша ұсынымдар тұжырымдалған. Алынған нәтижелердің маңыздылығы олардың сыртқы және ішкі сын-қатерлер жағдайында аграрлық секторды қолдаудың стратегиялық шараларын әзірлеу үшін практикалық қолданылуымен анықталады. В статье рассмотрена взаимосвязь между динамикой аграрного сектора и обеспечением продовольственной безопасности Республики Казахстан. Проанализированы макроэкономические и отраслевые показатели за 2010–2024 гг., включая темпы роста валового внутреннего продукта и валового выпуска сельского хозяйства, а также производительность труда в аграрной отрасли по сравнению с экономикой в целом и другими секторами. Выявлены положительные тенденции в увеличении объемов аграрного производства при одновременном снижении его доли в структуре ВВП, что указывает на структурную уязвимость сектора. Определено, что уровень производительности труда в сельском хозяйстве остается значительно ниже по сравнению с другими секторами экономики, несмотря на его рост, что свидетельствует о технологическом и организационном отставании. Показано, что отставание аграрного сектора по ключевым показателям ограничивает его вклад в обеспечение внутреннего продовольственного спроса и достижение устойчивой продовольственной безопасности. Обоснована необходимость модернизации аграрной инфраструктуры, повышения эффективности использования ресурсов и развития человеческого капитала. Использованы методы сравнительного и динамического анализа, а также элементы структурного сопоставления. Сформулированы рекомендации по совершенствованию государственной аграрной политики и направления дальнейших исследований в области повышения эффективности и устойчивости аграрного производства в Казахстане. Значимость полученных результатов определяется их практической применимостью для выработки стратегических мер поддержки аграрного сектора в условиях внешних и внутренних вызовов.

The aim of the article is to analyze the specifics of modern approaches to assessing the quality of primary education in Kazakhstan, to identify key features, challenges, and prospects for their application in the context of updating the content of education and implementing national and international standards. The article presents a substantive analysis of regulatory documents governing the assessment of education quality in primary schools and the development of functional literacy among younger schoolchildren, as well as the results of monitoring the academic achievements of fourth-grade students in schools in the city of Astana. The following research methods were used: theoretical analysis of sources, comparative analysis, generalization, testing, experimentation, and methods of mathematical and statistical data processing. The author examines issues of improving the quality of primary education, the procedure, and the levels of the National System for Assessing the Quality of Education. Based on a comparative analysis of international studies on the development level of functional literacy among primary school students, the author proposes methodological recommendations for improving the curricular content of primary education. A significant difference in the levels of functional literacy development between students in Kazakhstan and Russia was also established.

The primary worldwide variables limiting plant development and agricultural output are the ever-present threat that environmental stressors such as salt (may trigger osmotic stress plus ions toxicity, which impact on growth and yield of the plants), drought (provokes water stress, resulting in lowering photosynthesis process and growth rate), heavy metals (induced toxicity, hindering physiological processes also lowering crop quantity and quality), and pathogens (induce diseases that may significantly affect plant health beside productivity). This review explores the integrated effects of these stressors on plant productivity and growth rate, emphasizing how each stressor exceptionally plays a role in physiological responses. Owing to developments in technology that outclass traditional breeding methods and genetic engineering techniques, powerful alleviation strategies are vital. New findings have demonstrated the remarkable role of nanoparticles in regulating responses to these environmental stressors. In this review, we summarize the roles and various applications of nanomaterials in regulating abiotic and biotic stress responses. This review discusses and explores the relationship between various types of nanoparticles (metal, carbon-based, and biogenic) and their impact on plant physiology. Furthermore, we assess how nanoparticle technology may play a role in practices of sustainable agriculture by reducing the amount of compounds used, providing them with a larger surface area, highly efficient mass transfer abilities, and controlled, targeted delivery of lower nutrient or pesticide amounts. A review of data from several published studies leads to the conclusion that nanoparticles may act as a synergistic effect, which can effectively increase plant stress tolerance and their nutritional role.

This review focuses on a comparative assessment of meat maturation methods, different types of muscles, types of meat, and key parameters such as aging (days of exposure, temperature, relative humidity, and air flow), nutritional qualities (taste, tenderness, and juiciness), and microbiological quality associated with the maturation process. Dry maturation of meat is a process in which a product is aged under specially controlled conditions for several weeks. The method significantly improves the taste and texture of meat due to the enzymatic breakdown of proteins and fats. To achieve optimal results, it is important to ensure proper conditions, including humidity control and oxygen access. Modern packaging materials with moisture and oxygen permeability open up new opportunities for meat production. They allow you to effectively regulate the microclimate inside the package, creating favorable conditions for high-quality maturation. Moisture released from the meat accumulates inside the package, preventing it from drying out and preserving the desired texture. The oxygen permeability of materials helps to avoid anaerobic processes that can lead to product spoilage. The use of such technologies not only increases the efficiency of meat stabilization, but also increases shelf life, ensuring stable quality and minimizing losses. Manufacturers achieve greater consistency during the maturation process and improve the organoleptic properties of their products.

Ключевое содержание статьи включает в себя рассмотрения процесса разработки на примере работы над проектом тренажёра для обучения языков программирования. Актуальность подхода заключается в создании компьютерного приложения с возможностью автоматизации учебного процесса и контроля успеваемости студентов. Целью исследования является: создание учебного тренажера для обучения языку программирования Python в учебных заведениях. Предметом исследования в статье является процесс разработки обучающего тренажера для языка программирования Python, который позволяет эффективно изучать данный язык и готовиться к освоению других языков программирования. Методы разработки тренажера осуществлялась с использованием языка программирования C#, базы данных Microsoft Access и BAT-файлов для выполнения кода на Python. Приложение позволяет пользователю вводить программный код, который сохраняется во временном файле и передается BAT-скрипту для интерпретации через установленный интерпретатор Python. Основные результаты полученные в ходе работы проведенной работы разработано компьютерное приложение-тренажер для изучения языка программирования Python. Приложение обеспечивает удобный графический интерфейс для взаимодействия пользователя, автоматическое выполнение кода, проверку решений, хранение и анализ результатов.