Krasnodar Research Institute of Agriculture named after P. Lukyanenko

Grain production serves as an important strategic resource of the Russian Federation, it is a fundamental branch of agricultural production. In order to get a high and stable yield, it is necessary to carry out protective measures for crops against various diseases. In recent years, leaf-stem diseases of grain crops stand out as the most harmful ones in agrocoenoses. They significantly decrease crop yield. Not only do they rapidly spread around multiple regions of the Russian Federation, but they encompass other grain-producing countries as well. Zymoseptoria tritici is a dangerous fungal phytopathogen that causes Septoria blotches among wheat, triticale, barley and rye. Within several decades, some significant progress has been made in the process of genetic control of wheat resistance to Z. tritici. However, due to the presence of favorable weather conditions contributing to the development of fungal infections, in order to prevent crop loss together with decrease in the quality of agricultural produce, from one to several fungicide treatments have to be implemented. Russian and foreign scientists have noted a tendency of Z. tritici to increase rersistance to some fungicides, which poses a problem with the successful implementation of efficient plant protection measures. Such classes as triazoles and strobilurins are no exception, and according to the FRAC rating, the risk of developing resistance to them is assessed as medium in the former and high in the latter, accordingly. Increasing problems caused by fungicide resistance in Z. tritici populations pose a threat to further wheat production. The purpose of the present research is to analyze modern literature data on the emergence of resistance to fungicides from the chemical classes of triazoles and strobilurins in Z. tritici. The given review examines the genetic mechanisms of resistance that appear in the phytopathogen; examples of monitoring studies of fungal resistance in various countries are provided alongside with practical recommendations on the implementation of anti-resistance strategies. The success of creating such strategies is impossible without knowledge of the pathogen population structure, cultivar resistance, regional agro-ecological peculiarities of the pathogen development and crop cultivation or the biological commercial and economic efficiency of protection means and methods.

Spring durum wheat is an important raw material for producing diverse products such as couscous, bulgur, bread, and pasta. The quality of the dough is significantly influenced by high-molecular-weight glutenins, the allelic status of which depends on the region and breeding program. In this study, a collection of 69 cultivars and promising lines of durum wheat were analyzed for the allelic state of Glu-A1 and Glu-B1 using SDS-PAGE and KASP PCR markers. Protein and gluten content, volume increase index, pasta breaking strength, general pasta estimation, SDS, and gluten index were measured for each accession based on a two-year field experiment in the Krasnodar region. The analysis revealed that the Glu-B1al, Glu-B1d, and Glu-B1z* alleles positively influence gluten index, with Glu-B1al increasing protein, gluten, and SDS content, whereas Glu-B1d decreased these traits. Glu-B1e, on average, decreased the gluten index and SDS value but did not affect protein or gluten content. The role of alleles affecting the gluten index and protein content in ensuring the quality of pasta in durum wheat breeding is discussed.

The article presents the material obtained as a result of the research for 2017 and 2018, which was laid on leached chernozem in the central zone of the Krasnodar Territory in FSBSI «NGC named after P.P. Lukyanenko», on the basis of the agrotechnological department. The aim of the research was to study the effect of NanoSilicon mineral fertilization with microelements on the yield and quality of sunflower seeds. It was determined that treatment with the studied preparation shortens the interphase periods of sunflower by 1–2 days, increases the height by 8–12 cm and the biomass of one plant by 97–242 grams by the flowering phase. It was also found that NanoSilicon in the studied doses increases the yield and oil collection from 1 hectare. Thus, the inclusion of NanoSilicon preparation in the sunflower cultivation technology at a dose of 15/75/75 (seed treatment – 15 g/ha + spraying on seedlings – 75 g/ha + 75 g/ha in the phase of 5–7 pairs of leaves) significantly increases yield by 0,58 t/ha and oil collection from one hectare by 0,32 t/ha. As a result, 3,23 t/ha of seeds and 1,64 t/ha of oil were obtained.

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Агрономия РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ СЕЛЕКЦИИ ПРИ СОЗДАНИИ РАННЕСПЕЛЫХ ВЫСОКОМАСЛИЧНЫХ ГИ-БРИДОВ КУКУРУЗЫ Радочинская Людмила Владимировна к.с.-х.н., в.н.с.Петряков Антон Петрович м.н.с.ФГБНУ «Национальный центр зерна им.П.П.Лукьяненко», Краснодар, Россия Создание раннеспелых гибридов кукурузы с повышенным содержанием масла в зерне весьма актуально в современном аграрном производстве.Селекцией подобных гибридов и линий занимается ФГБНУ «НЦЗ им.П.П.Лукьяненко» на протяжение многих лет.В этой статье представлены результаты по перспективным раннеспелым гибридам кукурузы и про

Universal RAPD primers (OPA02 and OPA07) have been revealed for ladybird beetles of the Coccinellidae family. Using these primers, comparative PCR analysis of ten different ladybird beetle species was conducted. It was shown that Harmonia axyridis beetle species had the highest level of DNA polymorphism and genetic diversity. The RAPD-PCR method for analysis of interspecies differences along with other molecular genetics methods can be used.

Two catalogs of alleles of gliadin-coding loci, controlling synthesis of a storage protein of wheat caryopsis, gliadin, were compared. One catalogue comprises the alleles detected according to the electrophoretic patterns in starch gels; the other, in polyacrylamide gels. Determination of the allelic state of gliadin-coding loci in 31 previously not studied cultivars of winter common wheat allowed us to construct a matching system for the alleles compiled in the two catalogs, which gives the possibility to compare the results of wheat cultivar analyses performed at different scientific institutions.