Kwansei Gakuin University

In order to develop molecular magnetic compounds, oligonuclear cobalt complexes with Schiff-base ligands, 1,3-bis(salicylideneamino)-2-propanol (H3salpr), 1,3-bis(5-chlorosalicylideneamino)-2-propanol (H3clsalpr), 1,3-bis(5-bromosalicylideneamino)-2-propanol (H3brsalpr), and 1,3-bis(5-nitrosalicylideneamino)-2-propanol (H3pnsalpr), were synthesized by reaction of cobalt(II) acetate and Schiff-base ligand in organic solvent. The molecular structures of [CoII{CoIII(µ-HL)(µ-CH3COO)(CH3COO)}2] (HL = Hsalpr and Hbrsalpr), [CoII{CoII(µ-Hsalpr)(µ-CH3COO)}2], and [CoIII2CoII4(µ-L)2(µ3-CH3O)2(µ-CH3O)6(CH3OH)2] (L = salpr, clsalpr, brsalpr, and pnsalpr) were elucidated by the single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The electronic spectra and magnetic susceptibilities with variable-temperature are in accordance with the trinuclear and hexanuclear molecular structures. The cyclic voltammograms are basically featureless, giving a clue to isolate reduced complexes [CoII{CoII(µ-Hsalpr)(µ-CH3COO)}2] and [CoII2(Hpnsalpr)2(CH3OH)]. These findings may guide future design of molecular magnet materials.

This paper presents an AC inductive energization method for evaluating high-temperature superconducting (HTS) assembled conductors cooled by liquid hydrogen. A short-circuited secondary coil composed of REBCO wires was fabricated and tested under liquid-nitrogen and liquid-hydrogen environments. In liquid-nitrogen cooling, phase shifts and waveform distortions in the Rogowski-coil voltage were observed when the secondary current approached the conductor's critical current (<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IC</i>), demonstrating that voltage signals can serve as reliable indicators of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IC</i> Under liquid-hydrogen cooling, secondary currents up to 4985 A were achieved before the power supply shut down because of overvoltage protection. These results establish AC inductive energization as a safe, non-destructive diagnostic method for HTS conductors and highlight the potential of liquid hydrogen for next-generation large-scale superconducting devices

Archaea and Bacteria are two fundamentally distinct domainsoflife that share prokaryotic traits, yet differ markedly in molecularand cellular architecture. While many archaeal species identifiedthus far have been found in extreme environments, recent metagenomicstudies have revealed their widespread presence in moderate habitats,including soils, oceans, and even the human microbiome. However, archaearemain less well characterized than bacteria, largely due to the technicalchallenges associated with culturing and identifying these microorganisms.In this study, we present a culture-independent method for discriminatingarchaea from bacteria at the single-cell level using Raman spectroscopycombined with machine learning. We constructed a Raman spectral dataset comprising 22 prokaryotic species (11 archaea and 11 bacteria)and developed a domain-level Archaea–Bacteria (AB) classifierusing the LightGBM tree-based machine learning algorithm. Our AB classificationmodel achieved an average classification accuracy of 89.1% and a sensitivityof 98.1% on eight representative species (including two independentheld-out test species) with minimal data size and preprocessing. Wealso compared its performance to convolutional neural networks withtransfer learning, a widely used deep learning approach. Our methodprovides a robust analytical framework for archaeal detection andrepresents a valuable addition to the microbiological toolkit, particularlyfor studying unculturable or low-abundance archaeal populations incomplex microbial communities.

Tetraarylammonium salts are a structurally unique yet synthetically challenging subclass of quaternary ammonium salts. Classical Menshutkin reactions are generally ineffective for their syntheses due to the diminished nucleophilicity of triarylamines and the low reactivity of aryl halides toward SN2 processes. Herein, we report a modular and scalable strategy for the synthesis of tetraarylammonium salts. Starting from readily accessible diarylamines, the target structures are obtained through a concise five-step sequence comprising Buchwald-Hartwig amination, halogen-lithium exchange/silylation, rhodium-catalyzed arylation, intramolecular cyclization, and protodesilylation. The optimized protocol enabled gram-scale isolation of tetraphenylammonium salt (1.2 g isolated). This work provides a practical platform for the scalable and flexible synthesis of tetraarylammonium salts, facilitating future studies of their properties and applications.

Abstract In eusocial insects, queens demonstrate high reproductive capacity and extended longevity, representing examples of the trade-off in resource allocation. Workers perform non-reproductive tasks, such as caring for broods and foraging, thus reducing the energetic demands of queens. As queens dedicate their lives to reproduction, these reduced energetic demands enable them to live longer, laying many eggs. However, the physiological specialization of queens is markedly distinct from that of workers. This study examines the trade-off between immunocompetence and reproduction among castes in an ant species, Diacamma cf. indicum, from Japan, which lacks a morphological queen caste. First, gamergates (functional queens) exhibited higher expression of innate immunity genes than the workers. Second, to experimentally skew resource allocation towards immunocompetence, gamergates and reproductive workers were subjected to an immune challenge. As a result, the expression of the antimicrobial peptide gene Hymenoptaecin was increased in gamergates without compromising reproduction-related genes, such as Vitellogenin. By contrast, the expression of genes associated with reproduction was decreased in reproductive workers. Moreover, we revealed that gamergates possessed a remarkably low fat content, similar to non-reproductive foragers. These findings suggest that, while gamergates can overcome the trade-off, reproductive workers are constrained by the physiological costs of reproduction.

In seismic response analysis, inherent damping has traditionally been expressed as viscous damping. For steel structures, approximately 1–2%, and for reinforced concrete structures, approximately 3% are generally adopted as stiffness proportional damping ratio. However, although viscous damping is easy to express mathematically, past studies have shown that it can cause various problems in numerical analysis. In the first half of this paper, we review past studies conducted domestically and internationally and share issues related to classical viscous damping models. In the latter half, we introduce several damping models proposed in recent years to overcome these issues.

This paper analyzes the formation of urban tissues north of Gifu Station during postwar reconstruction, focusing on two row-type shop-house developments built by repatriates: “Dai-Harupin-gai Housing” (1947) and “Kōsei Housing” (1950). Through historical documentation and field surveys, the research reconstructs their original spatial and architectural configurations. It highlights a unique building-led development pattern where housing construction preceded urban infrastructure planning, significantly influenced by pre-war textile factory remnants.

本稿では，ひとの感じ方に基づくかおりやにおいのマップを紹介し，それによるかおり・においの共有の可能性を展望するとともに，その作成手順を概観する．まず，ひとが判断する類似度にもとづき，エッセンシャルオイルのかおりの関係性や分類を直感的に捉えられるマップを描く．つぎに，かおりを表現することばについても同様の手法でマップを描き，表現の多様性や傾向を概観する．このマップから，かおりの印象・感情・効能を数値化する「ものさし」となる評価語を抽出し，かおりの印象や感情の客観的な比較や検討が可能なマップを構築する．加えて，この手法を料理のにおいへ拡張し，日常的で多様な対象でもにおいそのものの類似度のマップ，においを表現することばのマップ，においの印象のマップが構築できることを示す．