Kyungsung University

Phage display technology serves as a powerful in vitro platform for discovering antigen-specific antibodies, enabling the rapid identification and engineering of monoclonal antibodies for therapeutic applications. This review discusses key factors such as phagemid vector, antibody fragment formats, in-frame selection strategies, and effective library size in the context of maximizing functional diversity. Based on these factors, a detailed comparison of phage display antibody libraries is provided, including naïve, synthetic, and semi-synthetic formats, with emphasis on their distinctive features and design strategies. Furthermore, major panning strategies-solid-phase, liquid-phase, and cell-based panning-are compared, highlighting their respective strengths and limitations for isolating functional binders with regard to antigen presentation, epitope accessibility, and selection fidelity. Collectively, the refinement of library design and selection methodologies has led to the development of numerous approved antibodies, establishing phage display as a foundational technology in antibody drug discovery. Ultimately, this review aims to facilitate the effective application of phage display technology in developing antibody-based therapeutics.

ABSTRACT South Korea, a leading destination for international students, welcomed 208,962 students in 2024. Despite its academic opportunities, many face challenges in adapting due to shifts in gastronomic identity, unfamiliar ingredients, and cultural perceptions of food. This study explores how psychological factors influence the behavioral intention to adapt Korean food, filling a gap in research on the psychological mechanisms behind food adaptation. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 252 international students through a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) to assess relationships among constructs. The survey data reveal that self‐efficacy is the strongest predictor of adaptation, followed by perceived benefits and perceived barriers. Perceived susceptibility also significantly impacts adaptation, while perceived severity has no significant effect. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening self‐efficacy and promoting the benefits of food adaptation to help international students overcome food‐related challenges and improve their integration and well‐being in.

Amyloid beta (A) accumulation is a key pathological factor associated with cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative disorders.Boehmeria nivea (ramie) leaves have long been used as food and traditional materials and are known to contain various bioactive compounds.In this study, the protective effects of Boehmeria nivea leaf extracts on A25-35-induced cognitive impairment were evaluated using an ICR mouse model.Two methanolic extracts prepared from ramie leaves with different cultivation origins were orally administered at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day.Cognitive performance was assessed using the T-maze, novel object recognition, and water maze tests.In addition, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide (NO) production, and the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were analyzed in brain tissues.Administration of Boehmeria nivea leaf extracts significantly improved A-induced deficits in spatial working memory, object recognition memory, and spatial learning.The extracts also reduced lipid peroxidation and NO levels in mouse brains.Furthermore, A-induced increases in iNOS and COX-2 protein expression were markedly suppressed following extract treatment.These results indicate that Boehmeria nivea leaf extracts exert protective effects against A-induced cognitive impairment and suggest their potential applicability as functional materials for cognitive health.

This study examines the performance implications of CEO duality from a configurational governance perspective, with particular attention given to its relevance within an ESG-oriented framework. While prior research on CEO duality has produced inconsistent findings, much of the literature relies on variable-centered approaches that overlook the systemic and context-dependent nature of governance mechanisms. Drawing on agency theory, stewardship theory, and resource dependence theory, we analyze 59 publicly listed South Korean firms between 2018 and 2022 using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Five governance-related conditions—CEO duality, ownership concentration, CEO tenure, institutional ownership, and environmental dynamism—are calibrated into fuzzy sets to identify causal configurations associated with high firm performance, defined as membership in the top 30% of return on assets (ROA). The results reveal six equifinal pathways to high performance, two of which exhibit particularly strong consistency and coverage. These dominant configurations show that CEO duality contributes positively to performance when embedded in either strong internal governance alignment or robust external monitoring under dynamic conditions. By demonstrating that the effectiveness of CEO duality is contingent upon its governance configuration, this study challenges one-size-fits-all prescriptions and contributes to the ESG literature by highlighting the conditional role of leadership structure in sustainable value creation.

BackgroundMetaverse-based education is emerging in nursing; this review maps its characteristics and effects. The aim was to systematically review metaverse-based nursing education programs to identify their effectiveness, current status, and characteristics.MethodA systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Literature was searched in eight electronic databases (four Korean: Research Information Sharing Service, Korean Studies Information Service System, Database Periodical Information Academic, Korean Medical Database; four international: PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE). Of the 41 retrieved records, only four quasi-experimental studies met the inclusion criteria, highlighting evidence sparsity. The Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Nonrandomized Studies was used to evaluate methodological rigor and quality of evidence.ResultsThe four studies (sample size range: 57–72; all conducted in Korea) applied metaverse programs to nursing skills, major courses, or simulation-based clinical practice. Reported outcomes included improvements in self-efficacy, knowledge, confidence, and critical thinking ability. However, considerable heterogeneity was noted across interventions and outcome measures, limiting the comparability of the findings.ConclusionsThe evidence suggests that metaverse-based education has the potential to supplement or replace traditional nursing practice education in situations with limited access, such as pandemics. All included studies were Korean quasi-experiments with small sample sizes; thus, the certainty of the evidence is very low. Future research should employ multisite randomized controlled trials, optimize the frequency and intensity of interventions, and assess long-term outcomes to inform future strategies.

With the dramatic development of 5G technology, Internet of Things (IoT), and other technologies, the traditional offline market has been gradually altered with applying technologies to improve their efficient or cost-performance. The unmanned stores have been one of the significant and popular forms. To maintain the sustainable development of this retail form, it is essential to know what factors to foster and the mechanism of the formation of customers’ loyalty. Thus, the present study was performed to explore what the selection attributes of unmanned stores are and examine how these attributes impact on the formation of customers’ loyalty through their perceived value and satisfaction. Structural equation modeling was applied with a valid sample of 350 respondents to testify the casual relationship among research variables. As results, it was found that practicality (β = 0.229, t = 3.164, p < 0.01) and convenience (β = 0.152, t = 2.044, p < 0.05) of unmanned stores have positive influence on their perceived value. Moreover, practicality (β = 0.164, t = 2.392, p < 0.05), cleanliness (β = 0.198, t = 3.595, p < 0.001), and pleasantness (β = 0.337, t = 4.722, p < 0.001) could positively impact on their satisfaction. Both perceived value (β = 0.151, t = 2.366, p < 0.05) and satisfaction (β = 0.123, t = 2.023, p < 0.05) could contribute to the formation of their loyalty to unmanned stores. Finally, the moderating effect of social risk has been examined. Consequently, the casual relationships confirmed among research variables could provide insights for the service improvement of unmanned stores from the perspectives of the selection attributes of unmanned stores and customers perceived value.

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women in the United States (American Cancer Society, 2024). Although screening mammography has reduced mortality, its performance is limited by lower sensitivity in women with dense breasts, inter-reader variability, and frequent false-positive recalls (Skaane, 2019). At the same time, widespread adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) has created an opportunity to combine imaging with rich clinical information for more accurate, individualized risk assessment. This study proposes a deep learning framework for early breast cancer detection among U.S. women that integrates digital mammography with structured EHR variables. Mammography images are obtained from a curated public dataset such as the Curated Breast Imaging Subset of the Digital Database for Screening Mammography (CBIS-DDSM), which provides biopsy-verified benign and malignant cases (Lee et al., 2017). EHR-style data are organized following the structure of large U.S. clinical datasets, for example MIMIC-IV, and include demographics, breast density, reproductive and hormonal factors, comorbidities, family history, and prior screening history (Johnson et al., 2023). A convolutional neural network extracts high-level image features, which are fused with gradient-boosted clinical embeddings for malignancy prediction and compared with image-only and EHR-only baselines. In this practice framework, the multimodal model demonstrates superior discrimination and a better balance between missed cancers and false positives, particularly in women with dense breasts, highlighting the potential of integrating mammography and EHR data to support earlier detection and more informed, risk-adapted clinical decision-making.

Jina Lee, Jihyeon Yu, Jong Youn Jeong, Samuel Park, Jeehye Sung, and Younghwa Kim. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2025;54:966-76. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2025.54.11.966

The inflammatory response is a protective biological response to harmful stimuli involving immune cells and inflammatory mediators. However, chronic inflammation can trigger a variety of inflammatory diseases. In this study, we screened natural products for anti-inflammatory materials. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees (A. paniculata) is used to treat inflammatory diseases in Asia. However, the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory effect is unclear. We analyzed the anti-inflammatory effect of A. paniculata boiling water extract (APW) and A. paniculata 70% EtOH extract (AP70E) and the underlying mechanisms of action. Interestingly, 100 µg/mL AP70E suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and nitric oxide (NO) production to a significantly greater degree than APW. In addition, 100 µg/mL AP70E significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 and suppressed the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Janus kinase (JAK)/signaling transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling axes. Moreover, it significantly reduced the activity of the JAK/STAT axis independently of its reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. In conclusion, AP70E has potential as an anti-inflammatory agent.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-025-05143-y.