LGI Consulting

The Sino-European CLEARING HOUSE project aims to provide evidence and tools that facilitate mobilising the full potential of urban forests as nature-based solutions (UF-NBS) for rehabilitating, reconnecting and restoring urban ecosystems. To achieve this goal, the project is establishing a collaborative learning process on UF-NBS and develop a comprehensive co-design and co-learning system to connect policymakers, business, citizens and experts across China and Europe. This document – deliverable D3.2 ‘Local Co-Design Workshops Synthesis Report’ - aims at describing the results of the local co-design workshops, including relevant questions for research from stakeholders' perspectives, and suggestions for the analytical framework development. We share the main takeaways of the co-design workshops, and provide analytical inputs that will guide the continuation of the project. The deliverable is structured in three main parts. The first part introduces the objectives and methodology of CLEARING HOUSE co-design workshops. The second part presents the implementation of the co-design workshops, including its main results from both the Chinese and European case studies. The third part draws some comparisons among case studies and identifies key research questions for the future of the project.

This deliverable (D5.5) is the first revision of the communication and dissemination strategy. This document is a living document, its next update (D5.6) is due in M36 (August 2022). This document is a revision of D5.1 which was submitted in November 2019 and assesses the performance of the defined tools used to communicate with the audience and to disseminate the project’s results.<br>

Clean energy production is a challenge, which was so far addressed mainly in the electric power sector. More energy is needed in the form of heat for both district heating and industry. Nuclear power is the only technology fulfilling all 3 sustainability dimensions, namely economy, security of supply and environment. In this context, the European Nuclear Cogeneration Industrial Initiative (NC2I) has launched the projects NC2I-R and GEMINI+ aiming to prepare the deployment of High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactors (HTGR) for this purpose.

This deliverable forwards concepts of novel business models which will contribute to the fostering of the energy transition through addressing specific social, market and other barriers. The objective being to facilitate stakeholders (whether suppliers or consumers of energy) to shape and progressively interact with the energy system to effectively deliver a low-carbon system. The examples of (more) sustainable business models forwarded in this report will in particular, but not entirely focus on community- based approaches (complementing the work presented in Lennon, Dunphy et al., 2018) and public-private partnerships as a means of addressing issues such as public acceptance, split incentives, risk sharing, etc.

A key objective of work package 5 of the ENTRUST project has been to develop a cohesive community research environment utilising participatory action research (PAR) techniques that encourage active participant engagement in the project and the issues informing ENTRUST’s intersectional, co-design programme. Establishing the creative spaces whereby stakeholders are able to identify, consider, and then deliberate on, the actions and behaviours that influence their respective participations and positionalities in the energy system and its current transition, has been essential to this approach. In addition, it was important for the research team that this was done by implementing a range of iterative, multi-scalar dialogues with participants within each of the case study communities that, in turn, also informed the team’s engagements in each of the other communities when applicable. The previous two deliverables for this work package reported on how the ENTRUST team went about achieving these goals, from the selection of the communities of practice through to the reflexive feedback and analysis of the community dialogue outcomes. An important part of these activities was to ensure that an essential requirement of the project, achieving gender inclusion in the research actions, was possible. Collecting a majority male (or indeed female) perspective was considered anathema to the project’s overall goals and therefore not considered an option. D5.1 Report on Community Dialogues demonstrated how the research team went about ensuring that balanced engagement did occur, in terms of gender, and discussed the suite of collaborative methods that were deployed. D5.2 Report on the Expert Feedback on Community Dialogue Outcomes dealt more specifically with an innovative research method adopted for the research communities in this project, a deliberative democracy tool known as the citizen jury, in addition to a modified Delphi-panel with experts – this was further augmented with engagements at the community level – to coproduce a set of principles that promote a fair and inclusive energy transition in Europe. This deliverable, in turn, reports on the research carried out on new policy mixes and innovative cooperation mechanisms that have the potential to support transitions. In addition to the key findings emerging from WP5, the report has also applied a number of the lessons learned from Task 4.1 to develop the cooperation mechanisms that will prove useful to policy makers tasked with driving the energy transition at the various socio-political and infrastructural levels of Europe’s energy transition. Policy plays a key role in shaping societal responses to a vast array of influences and circumstances, both in terms of human and non-human interactions. Therefore, the tools and pathways policy makers promote as they seek to drive an agenda towards its final policy goal can have consequences not always foreseen by those self-same policy makers. This report offers a number of examples of innovative cooperation mechanisms that have been applied in real-world contexts, as well as some that could complement existing mechanisms already in place. The insights presented in this report highlight a number of examples, or scenarios, where energy user communities outside of the ENTRUST project can learn from and apply to their local and national contexts.

Power transformers rank highly among the most dangerous electrical equipments because of the large quantity of oil they contain in direct contact with high voltage elements. Low impedance faults resulting in arcing can appear in transformer tanks if the oil loses its dielectric properties. Vaporization of the oil generates pressurized gas because the liquid inertia prevents expansion. The pressure difference between the gas bubbles and the surrounding liquid oil generates dynamic pressure waves which propagate and interact with the sealed tank structure. Simultaneously, the static pressure inside of the tank climbs and causes the tank to explode, resulting in fires and very expensive damages for electricity facilities. Despite all these risks, and contrary to usual pressure vessels, no specific standard exists as of yet to protect sealed transformer tanks subjected to large dynamic overpressures. This paper describes a complete numerical model for transformer explosions, which helps to understand all processes involved in such dramatic events, and helps design and optimize an efficient explosion prevention technology. Such a model includes various physical phenomena from the electrical arc description to the evaluation of the stress loads the transformer tank must withstand. The simulation tool kernel is based on a reduced 5 equation model introduced by Kapila et al. [8] to describe the hydrodynamic behavior of compressible 2-phase flows. It consists of a set of conservation laws for each phase partial-mass, the mixture momentum and energy, and volume fraction evolution equation. The closure is isobaric, and both phases have the same velocity at a given point. Each phase is described by its own equation of state. Physical effects such as electromagnetic forces, viscosity, thermal and gravity effects are also taken into account. These equations are solved on complex 3D transformer geometries using a finite volume strategy with unstructured meshes. Computer simulations are then used to study a fast-direct-tank-depressurization-based method to prevent the transformer explosions. Numerical results compare well with experimental results collected during arcing tests in oil filled transformers.