Laboratoire Dynamique de la Biodiversité

Conflicts between pastoralism and biodiversity conservation represent a major challenge in the management of protected areas, particularly in Africa where more than 70% of these spaces were affected between 1946 and 2010. This study aims to analyze scientific knowledge on sustainable management strategies that promote coexistence between pastoral activities and wildlife in biosphere reserves. A bibliometric analysis of 2,250 documents from Scopus (1966-2026), conducted using the PICO model and R software, reveals sustained growth in scientific production, especially after 2000. International collaboration reached 40.93%, with an average of 4.38 co authors per article, but remained concentrated in developed countries. The thematic analysis identified four dominant conceptual clusters and highlighted the emergence of regenerative management approaches as an innovative paradigm. Influential publications laid the theoretical foundations of the field. The study highlights a conceptual transformation of the domain, shifting from dichotomous approaches to integrative paradigms of coexistence. It emphasizes the need for a geographical rebalancing of research and the development of transdisciplinary approaches to strengthen the sustainability and resilience of socio ecological systems.

Palaeoproteomics focuses on studying the past by analysing proteins preserved in historical, archaeological, and palaeontological materials. Over the past fifteen years, the number of publications and research questions in this field has grown substantially, as has the number of researchers and research groups utilising palaeoproteomic methods. PAASTA (Palaeoproteomics And Archaeology, Society for Techniques and Advances) is an international early career researcher-driven community, which aims to bring together researchers from all subdisciplines of palaeoproteomics by providing a platform for open communication. Here, we discuss ways in which this fast-growing research field can benefit from adopting principles of open science and increased communication and collaboration between researchers. We approach this question from all stages of a typical research project, from experimental design and sample selection, to data analysis and raw data sharing. Although we acknowledge that each of these guidelines and recommendations may not be applicable to every research project, we aim to provide a foundation which, when applied collectively, will strengthen the future of palaeoproteomics.

Abstract Reconstructing the demographic history of populations and species is one of the greatest challenges facing population geneticists. [50] introduced, for a sample of size k = 2 haploid genomes, a time- and sample-dependent parameter which they called the IICR (inverse instantaneous coalescence rate). Here we extend their work to larger sample sizes and focus on T k , the time to the first coalescence event in a haploid sample of size k where k ≥ 2. We define the IICR k as the Inverse Instantaneous Coalescence Rate among k lineages. We show that (i) under a panmictic population is equivalent to N e , (ii) the IICR k can be obtained by either simulating T k values or by using the Q -matrix approach of [61] and we provide the corresponding Python and R scripts. We then study the properties of the under a limited set of n -island and stepping-stone models. We show that (iii) in structured models the is dependent on the sample size and on the sampling scheme, even when the genomes are sampled in the same deme. For instance, we find that plots for individuals sampled in the same deme will be shifted towards recent times with a lower plateau as k increases. We thus show that (iv) the cannot be used to represent “the demographic history” in a general sense, (v) the can be estimated from real or simulated genomic data using the PSMC/MSMC methods [44, 65] (vi) the MSMC2 method produces smoother curves that infer something that is not the , but are close to the in the recent past when all samples are obtained from the same deme. Altogether we argue that the PSMC, MSMC and MSMC2 plots are not expected to be identical even when the genomes are sampled from the same deme, that none can be said to represent the “demographic history of populations” and that they should be interpreted with care. We suggest that the PSMC, MSMC and MSMC2 could be used together with the to identify the signature of population structure, and to develop new strategies for model choice.

Spatially driven turnover in species composition and relative abundance drives gamma diversity in all ecosystems. Assemblages of nocturnal Lepidoptera in rainforests are powerful tools for estimating and understanding this heterogeneity. There are three fundamental theoretical tools for explaining this place-to-place change: neutral stochasticity, niche-driven opportunity and historical contingency. We sampled moth and woody plant assemblages across the oceanic island landscape of La Réunion to tease apart how these factors shape diversity. We collected a total of ~ 13000 individuals of about 229 species and analyzed how distance and forest habitats shape moth assemblage turnover. We subdivided moth species into endemics and non-endemics. Our results show the local occurrence of the generally more diet-restricted endemic moths is more likely to be niche-driven due to host-plant preferences while occurrence of the generally more polyphagous non-endemic species is most parsimoniously explained by stochastic neutral mechanisms. Spatial patterns in the native flora may also be neutrally assembled sets across the rainforest region (with implications for native moth species) whereas introduced species reflect human-driven historical contingency.

The binocular field of vision differs widely in birds depending on ecological traits such as foraging. Owls (Strigiformes) have been considered to have a unique binocular field, but whether it is related to foraging has remained unknown. While taking into account allometry and phylogeny, we hypothesized that both daily activity cycle and diet determine the size and shape of the binocular field in owls. Here, we compared the binocular field configuration of 23 species of owls. While we found no effect of allometry and phylogeny, ecological traits strongly influence the binocular field shape and size. Binocular field shape of owls significantly differed from that of diurnal raptors. Among owls, binocular field shape was relatively conserved, but binocular field size differed among species depending on ecological traits, with larger binocular fields in species living in dense habitat and foraging on invertebrates. Our results suggest that (i) binocular field shape is associated with the time of foraging in the daily cycle (owls versus diurnal raptors) and (ii) that binocular field size differs between closely related owl species even though the general shape is conserved, possibly because the field of view is partially restricted by feathers, in a trade-off with auditory localization.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the dam’s water quality of North-Central Algeria. The water quality data was monitored at twenty different dams, between January and December of 2017, using 9 water quality parameters and a multivariate analysis such as Cluster Analysis (CA). The CA allowed the formation of five clusters between the sampling sites, reflecting differences between the water quality at different locations. The Ghrib and Herraza Dams were characterized by a strong mineralization with a concentration of total solids of more than 1600 mg L−1, reflecting the geological nature of the watershed.

Türkiye’de ad bilim çalışmaları 20.yüzyılın ilk yarısında başlamıştır. Biraz geç kalmış olan bu çalışmalar özellikle Cumhuriyetle beraber yaygınlaşmış, yer adlarının kültür tarihi için ne kadar önemli olduğu fark edilmeye başlanmıştır. Yer adlarının kaynakları tespit edilirken ilk ve en önemli kaynak olan Divanü Lûgati’t-Türk de ihmal edilmemiştir. Kâşgârlı Araplara Türkçe’yi öğretmekle kalmamış aynı zamanda Türkçe’nin gramerini, Türk’ün örfünü, âdetini, yaşayış tarzını da eserine işlemiştir. Kâşgârlı’nın Divânı o dönemdeki adlandırmaların ve ad verme geleneklerinin öğrenilmesi açısından da bilimsel önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada DLT’de geçen yer adları anlamı içeren kelimelerin karşılıkları Köylerimiz-1933 kitabında bulunmuştur. Divanü Lûgati’t-Türk’te yer almasına rağmen Köylerimiz-1933 kitabında rastlayamadığımız; fakat yer adı olduğunu/olabileceğini düşündüğümüz kelimeler de listelenmiştir.