Lampang Rajabhat University

Helicteres isora L. is a traditionally recognized medicinal plant in Asia, used for the treatment of gastrointestinal, metabolic, respiratory, and infectious diseases, with different parts exhibiting diverse pharmacological activities. In the present investigation, the fruits of H. isora L. were successfully investigated, leading to the isolation of β-sitosterol (1), betulinic acid (2), ursolic acid (3), 3b-hydroxyurs-11-ene-28(13)-lactone (4), ergosterol-5,8-peroxide (5), syringaresinol (6), β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside (7), curcumin (8), demethoxycurcumin (9), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (10). The inhibitory effects of all isolated compounds on α-glucosidase and xanthine oxidase (XO) were assessed. Among them, compound 9 exhibited the most potent α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 75.5 ± 0.06 µM), whereas compound 8 showed weak XO inhibition (IC50 95.0 ± 0.16 µM). In the molecular docking results, compounds 8 - 10 demonstrated strong α-glucosidase inhibition with conserved interactions at key residues (Asp203, Trp299, Trp406, Met444, Phe575, and Arg526), and their predicted physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties support their potential as orally active, locally acting antidiabetic agents. HIGHLIGHTS Ten compounds (1 - 10) were isolated from the fruits of Thai Helicteres isora, including 5 triterpenoids (1 - 5), 1 lignan (6), 1 triterpenoid glycoside (7), and 3 curcuminoids (8 - 10). This study reports the isolation of compounds 2 - 10 from isora L. for the first time. Compounds 8 - 10 exhibited potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with compound 9 being the most active (IC50 5 ± 0.06 µM), surpassing acarbose (IC50 198.9 ± 0.02 µM). Molecular docking revealed that compounds 8 - 10 shared conserved binding interactions with key α-glucosidase residues (Asp203, Trp299, Trp406, Met444, Phe575, and Arg526). In silico ADMET predictions suggested favorable solubility and intestinal permeability profiles, supporting their potential as orally active, locally acting antidiabetic agents. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Microplastics (MPs) are increasingly recognized as emerging contaminants in aquatic environments; however, their occurrence and fate in tropical wastewater treatment systems remain poorly understood. This study provides the first inland–island comparison of MP removal in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) across Thailand’s Eastern Economic Corridor. Influent and effluent samples were collected from six WWTPs, encompassing five treatment types: oxidation ditch, aerated lagoon, stabilization pond, aerated tank, and sand filtration combined with reverse osmosis. Polymeric composition and size distribution were examined in parallel with conventional water quality indicators. Across all sites, polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene dominated influent MPs, together accounting for 57–92% of total abundance. Inland plants received heterogeneous municipal wastewater, including domestic inputs and agricultural runoff. In contrast, island facilities consistently showed PE-enriched influents (45–60%) in site F, reflecting tourism-driven reliance on single-use plastics and personal care products. In addition, several minor polymers were identified, including poly (vinyl stearate) (up to 26%), polyamide, polytetrafluoroethylene and ethylene–butyl acrylate, highlighting overlooked pathways of MP entry into WWTPs. Fine MPs (100–300 μm) comprised over two-thirds of influent particles, with stabilization ponds reaching 16,000 MP m−3. Removal efficiency ranged from 86.0% to 98.5%. Spearman’s correlation and multiple linear regression analyses revealed strong positive relationships between MPs and both total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity. Suspended solids parameters emerged as the most reliable predictor of MP abundance (adjusted R2 = 0.91, p = 0.001). This finding highlights TSS coupled with turbidity as a practical, cost-effective indicator for monitoring MPs in tropical WWTPs. To achieve greater accuracy, a larger dataset should be built and further analyzed.

A new verrucosane-type diterpenoid, bantamenside (1), along with six known compounds (2–7), was isolated from the Vietnamese liverwort Plagiochila bantamensis. The structure of the new compound was determined using comprehensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques as well as high-resolution mass spectrometry. Furthermore, all isolated compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production. Compounds 1–3 and 6–7 demonstrated notable NO inhibitory activity, with IC50 values ranging from 12.85 to 51.37 µM, outperforming or comparable to that of the positive control L-NMMA (IC50 41.30 ± 6.60 µM).

A substrate–product switch model was proposed to describe ethanol fermentation from longan solid waste using Candida tropicalis at an initial glucose and xylose ratio of 2 to 1. The model incorporated multiple rate equations for cell growth, sugar uptake, and ethanol production along with ethanol consumption. It elucidated the following three-step mechanism: (I) sugar uptake, (II) sugar conversion, and (III) ethanol consumption concerning the effects of concentration factor (CF) and associated growth function. Optimal kinetic parameters were estimated and validated against experimental data. The identification of two critical xylose concentrations showed that ethanol consumption either preceded or coincided with xylose consumption cessation. The phenolics inhibitory effect of gallic acid, ellagic acid, pyrogallol, and catechol on cell growth and ethanol production was elucidated with relatively minimal effect. The highest ethanol concentration of 25.5 g/L was reached with corresponding ethanol mass yield and productivity of 0.30 g/g and 1.063 g/L/h, respectively. The proposed model and kinetics provide valuable insights for designing and optimizing ethanol fermentation, contributing to more sustainable and cost-effective ethanol production.

Mangifera indica L. (mango) is widely recognized for its rich and diverse bioactive compounds, with potential nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications in health, food, and cosmetics. Research interest in this plant has increased significantly due to its diverse chemical constituents and bioactivities. This study aims to investigate the phytochemical profiles, total flavonoid and phenolic contents, and antioxidant activities of Thai M. indica L. extracts from shoots, leaves, and flowers using ethanol, methanol, and water as solvents. The results showed that ethanol consistently produced the highest extraction yield among all crude extracts, with yields of 12.33%, 6.89%, and 9.00% for ES, EL, and EF, respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, and alkaloids across all extracts. The total flavonoid content was highest in the ethanol shoot (ES) crude extract (48.96 ± 3.08 mg QE/g), whereas the total phenolic content peaked in the ethanol flower (EF) crude extract (62.28 ± 1.77 mg GAE/g). The methanol flower (MF) crude extract exhibited the strongest DPPH antioxidant activity (SC50 1.4 ± 0.3 μg/mL). The methanol leaf (ML) crude extract displayed the highest ABTS antioxidant activity (5.64 ± 0.13 mM TE/g). The MF crude extract showed the greatest FRAP antioxidant activity (0.190 ± 0.007 mg AE/g). These findings highlight the potential of M. indica L. as a valuable source of natural antioxidants and phytochemicals for further exploration in health-related applications.

Creativity and innovation have become essential elements for vocational teachers to drive advancements in education. This study aimed to explore the innovative capabilities of vocational teachers and compare these abilities across the different levels of classes they teach. Furthermore, a causal model of innovative educational capabilities (IEC) was developed and validated to investigate the innovation that vocational teachers in Northern Thailand can employ. We utilized data from a cross-sectional survey of 560 vocational teachers to estimate and validate the causal model using Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS). The results revealed that the overall innovative capability levels were high. There were statistically significant differences in innovative capabilities across class levels of teaching. Ultimately, the causal model demonstrated a good fit to the data and showed that motivation to innovate can mediate the relationship between school supportiveness (SCS) and innovative educational capabilities.

Dicranopteris linearis and Paramignya trimera, widely utilized plants in traditional Vietnamese medicine, lack comprehensive chemical and biological data pertaining to their composition. The crude extracts of these biosources showed remarkable alpha-glucosidase and nitric oxide (NO) inhibition. Bioguided isolation based on alpha-glucosidase inhibition and anti-inflammatory activity was applied to P. trimera and D. linearis, providing 14 metabolites. Upon evaluating the alpha-glucosidase activity of compounds 1-14, it was observed that all tested compounds exhibited significant activity, with IC50 values ranging from 22.5 to 157.7µM. Notably, compound 14 was identified as a new compound. Compounds 6-8 exhibited potent NO inhibitory effect in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells, with IC50 values ranging from 26.65 to 28.79µg/mL.

Abstract. Accurate determination of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) height, mixing layer height (MLH), and aerosol layer top (ALT) is critical for air quality and climate studies, especially in regions with complex aerosol dynamics like Chiang Mai, northern Thailand. This study develops a novel LiDAR-based methodology that incorporates a temperature-based dynamic maximum analysis altitude (MAA) to decouple these layers, addressing the limitations of conventional methods such as the Haar Wavelet Covariance Transform (WCT). Traditional fixed-altitude approaches often misclassify the ALT as the PBL height, particularly during nighttime or transition periods, leading to significant overestimations. By dynamically adjusting the MAA based on surface temperature variations, the proposed approach effectively distinguishes the PBL from residual aerosol layers and cloud interference. Comparison against radiosonde data and WRF-Chem simulations demonstrates strong agreement, with LiDAR-derived PBL heights showing improved diurnal resolution and accuracy. However, model simulations tend to overestimate the PBL height during high aerosol events, highlighting the need for refined aerosol-radiation interaction parameterizations. This study underscores the importance of integrating thermodynamic and aerosol data for accurate boundary layer characterization and provides a robust framework for improving air quality and climate models in regions with high aerosol loading and complex topography. These findings have implications for enhancing pollutant transport analysis and advancing LiDAR-based remote sensing techniques in Southeast Asia.

This study investigates the variational inclusion problem (VIP) and proposes improved inertial-relaxation algorithms that offer faster and more stable convergence. We apply these methods to predict the sound absorption coefficient (SAC) from non-acoustic material properties. Comparative experiments show that the proposed approach achieves the highest accuracy (86.67-91.43%) with superior computational efficiency. The results show that advanced optimization offers a cost-effective alternative to SAC testing.