Latvian Academy of Sciences

In Christian religion understanding of history unfolds as process, series of events of salvation, which brings man through the dramatic past, the challenging present to the rewarding future. Man is neither locked in a wheel of a circular time as in some pagan religions, nor is his salvation in an unreachable otherworld. It takes place here/now; humans are seen as living witnesses, participants and partners in God's work who is the author of their salvation. Time consists of unrepeatable moments that are extremely important for the course of salvation such as creation, fall, exodus, events in life of the main protagonist of a Christian religion, Christ and his disciples etc. A line can be drawn between these points. Thus, the ancient circular understanding of time is stretched into a straight line. With this linear understanding of time, we can legitimately talk about the aim of history as the fulfillment, chronological progress towards a realization of the divine plan, i.e., heavenly homeland. Thus, the Christian faith is a religion of time. This is also indicated by the division of time in the New Testament - chronos/kairos. The history of salvation unfolds as a series of kairos arranged in a straight line. By joining these kairos, by fitting into their stream, a person gains a meaningful existence. Thus, Christian understanding of history grants important aspects of understanding to the theological anthropology.

NMR supersequences, as exemplified by the NOAH (NMR by Ordered Acquisition using 1H detection) technique, are a powerful way of acquiring multiple 2D data sets in much shorter durations. This is accomplished through targeted excitation and detection of the magnetisation belonging to specific isotopologues (‘magnetisation pools’). Separately, the HSQC-COSY experiment has recently seen an increase in popularity due to the high signal dispersion in the indirect dimension and the removal of ambiguity traditionally associated with HSQC-TOCSY experiments. Here, we describe how the HSQC-COSY experiment can be integrated as a ‘module’ within NOAH supersequences. The benefits and drawbacks of several different pulse sequence implementations are discussed, with a particular focus on how sensitivities of other modules in the same supersequence are affected.

This scientific paper investigates the potential utilization of hydrogen-powered buses and trucks in the transportation sector of Latvia. With a growing focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving sustainability targets in the transport industry, hydrogen fuel cell technology emerges as a promising alternative to traditional internal combustion engines. Based on the analysis, the paper forecasts the potential hydrogen demand for each sector, breaking it down by vehicle categories. The findings show the substantial potential for hydrogen adoption in Latvia's transportation sector, with scenarios projecting an annual hydrogen demand. Ultimately, this research contributes valuable insights for policymakers, stakeholders, and industry players in devising sustainable strategies to meet emissions reduction targets and foster the transition to hydrogen-powered buses and trucks in Latvia's transportation system.

The history of construction of the Malpils Manor (Lemburg), which is closely linked to cultural history, has developed over a long period of time – from the second half of the 18th century to the present day. It has seen its heyday and its down times, when it was burnt down and destroyed. However, its fate was not sealed to disappear from the face of the earth, as has happened to many similar buildings in other Latvian manors. The manor house has blossomed again in all its glory, and is awaiting everyone who wants to spend some time in a well-tended historic and truly noble environment. However, the study of the manor in its broad cultural and historical context is still relevant.

Valmiermuiža is situated in the north of Vidzeme and borders with the town of Valmiera. The manor is less known than its other outstanding “sisters”, for example, manors of Mazsalaca (Valtenberģi), Cesvaine, Dikļi and others. The most famous person among the owners of Valmiermuiža is Elisabeth von Hallart, who was an initiator of the movement of Brothers’ congregations in Vidzeme, which turned into the wakening movement of common people. There were other owners but they were less known than the von Loewensterns who left valuables items. There is little information available on the manor’s park, and no research has been conducted regarding the closed garden. There is an urgent need to include the manor buildings in the list of the state protected cultural monuments in order to protect them from wrong building activities and other modifications that are not in accordance with the historical cultural environment and spatial structure of the plan.

Zasa manor is located in Selonia and presently it stands out mostly due to its magnificent park which has been created in 18th-19th century and which landscape qualities have not been lost until now. The Greig family played a special role in the culture heritage of the manor. The family lived there for a relatively short period from the middle of the 19th century until the Agrarian Reform of Latvia. It is important to conduct the research of the manor's history and cultural environment since there is little information available. In addition, it is necessary to correct some data and statements that have appeared in the previous publications. There is a necessity to include the manor's park in the national list of protected culture heritage monuments.

This article analyzes the characteristic features of social dialogue in the Baltic states. The methodology of the current research is based on an intensive analysis of literature and statistical data. The aim of the present research is to address some gaps that were identified during the literature review. Firstly, why does the social dialogue develop so slowly in the Baltic states? Secondly, what was the role of social partners in that process? We find that the main achievement in social dialogue have been reached by social partners on the national level and, despite the painful austerity measures, the Baltic states showed the benchmark of advanced crisis management.

Background: There has been a rapid global development of the horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing process termed fracking. This involves the dispersion of “produced water” which contains naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) which may contaminate surface water and pose a health risk. Objectives: To investigate association between early (0-28 days) infant mortality by county in Pennsylvania and fracking. Methods: We compared early infant mortality for 2007-2010 after fracking developed with a control period 2003-2006, contrasting a group of the 10 most heavily fracked counties with the rest of Pennsylvania. Results: Whilst early infant deaths decreased by 2.4% in the State over the period, in the 82,558 births in the 10 fracked counties there was a significant increase in mortality (238 vs 193; RR = 1.29; 95% CI 1.05, 1.55; p = 0.011). For the five north east fracked counties Bradford, Susquehanna, Lycoming, Wyoming and Tioga the combined early infant mortality increased from 34 deaths to 60 (RR 1.66; 1.05, 2.51; p = 0.014), whereas in the south western 5 counties Washington, Westmoreland, Fayette, Butler and Greene the increase was modest, 157 to 178 (RR 1.18; 0.95, 1.46; p = 0.13). Increased risk was associated with exposure to groundwater, expressed as the county ratio of water wells divided by the number of births. Conclusions: Fracking appears to be associated with early infant mortality in populations living in counties where the process is carried out. There is some evidence that the effect is associated with private water well density and/or environmental law violations.

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Baltijas zinātņu vēstures (agrāk – dabaszinātņu, medicīnas un tehnikas vēstures) konferences tiek rīkotas kopš 1958. gada (pirmā notika Rīgā). 2012. gada 4.–6. oktobrī Viļņā notika tradicionālā, 25. Baltijas zinātņu vēstures konference, ko rīkoja Baltijas valstu Zinātņu vēstures un filozofijas asociācija (BZVFA), Lietuvas Zinātņu akadēmija (ZA), Lietuvas ZA Vrubļevska (Wroblevski) bibliotēka un Lietuvas Pedagoģijas universitāte. Tas bija plašs zinātnes vēsturnieku, filozofu un muzeju darbinieku saiets, kurā piedalījās apmēram 200 cilvēki no 12 valstīm (Lietuvas, Latvijas, Igaunijas, Somijas, Lielbritānijas, ASV, Portugāles, Ukrainas,Krievijas, Baltkrievijas, Polijas un Kanādas).