Lebanese Canadian University

Our paper explores how individual customers’ promoter scores are linked to their electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM) behaviour under different cultural contexts. We conducted two studies using experimental design to addresses these two research questions. The first study utilised a unique dataset comprising 4,864 hotel guests, enabling a comparison between the intentions suggested by their individual promoter scores and the actual e-WOM behaviour they subsequently engaged in on various online platforms. The second study used data collected from four different countries (I.e., US, UK, China, and Egypt) to validate the results of study 1 and to explore the influence of national culture on the relationships between individual promoter scores and the actual e-WOM behaviour. The findings of study 1 revealed that promoter scores have a significant positive effect on online message valence. Study 2 validated the results of study and it also revealed that the influence of net promoter score on positive WOM and negative WOM increases with increasing collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity. Our research provides meaningful theoretical and practical implications for hotels managers.

Despite its significant benefits, remanufactured products have very limited uptake in the customer market. Although prior research explored the main motivations of consumer remanufactured behaviour, there is a lack of investigation that explains the complexity of remanufactured consumption behaviour. Based on the complexity theory, our study developed an integrated model to explore factors affecting consumers to purchase remanufactured products. FsQCA was utilised to analyse the collected data. The findings indicated that there are six solutions that can lead to high level of remanufactured behaviour. The necessary condition analysis revealed that moral obligation, moral accountability, perceived risk, perceived risk, and cost knowledge are necessary antecedents for consumers’ behaviour to purchase remanufactured products. This study provides remanufacturer and retailers with meaningful practical implications to promote remanufactured consumption.

RESUME Le developpement du numerique a favorise le developpement du concept de fracture numerique qui a ete inspire par celle sociale. Quatre dimensions principales de fractures numeriques ont interesse les chercheurs du monde entier. Notre travail analyse dans un premier temps la fracture numerique et se focalise sur l’efficience du numerique pour accompagner sa reduction. Il propose ensuite le Quotient Competence (QC) pour maitriser l’inclusion par le numerique. Le QC est un outil construit a partir de trois piliers qui sont : la qualite, la dimension sociale et les competences. Enfin une troisieme partie resume les observations faites au Liban dans l’utilisation des ressources educatives libres (REL), les plates-formes de gestion de cours ainsi que le developpement de l’apprentissage hybride et distant base sur le web 2.0 social et les tentatives de developpement des cours massifs ouverts / libres en ligne. L’evolution de la legislation en ce qui concerne les enseignements et les apprentissages non traditionnels sera mise en exergue.

Over the past number of years, competence management has become a key issue for companies. Similarly, to the importance of knowledge management, competence management considers an individual’s performance, based on his or her knowledge. Thus, knowledge management becomes an important aspect for companies to manage resources, through the ability of characterizing key competences and evaluating how they are improved through past experiences and roles, thus selecting project team members according to the respective existing skills. This paper focuses on the coordination of design activities in order to propose a tool dedicated to operation-level project managers, to help prepare their technical teams based on the required skills. The goal is to enhance the effectiveness of the teams, as well as their performance in the short-term, as well as the longterm, while coordinating with the human resources department. This work is based on the results of the Aides et assisTances pour la conception, la conduite et leur coupLage par les connAissanceS – Help and support for design, coordination and their coupling by knowledge (ATLAS, 2008 - 2011). This project studies the coupling between systems design and management. We propose an initial tool to manage skills in a design project.

The present study investigates the effectiveness of using songs in improving the listening comprehension skills of young learners in primary cycles.To address this issue, an experimental research study was carried out.A total of 80 young learners of English as-a-foreign language (EFL) participated in the study.Data were collected through administering a structured interview with English language teachers, pre-tests and post-tests, and a questionnaire that assesses young learners` attitudes towards using songs.The results demonstrate that there are numerous factors that hinder the improvement of young learners` listening comprehension.However, the use of songs helped learners to develop their listening skill.The study concludes that most of the young learners enjoyed and appreciated learning English through listening to songs.Implications for teaching and further research are discussed.

<p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age.  The  pathogenesis  has  not  been  fully  deciphered.  PCOS  is  associated  with  insulin  resistance  (IR), menstrual irregularities, cardiovascular disease, obesity, hirsutism, infertility, and endometrial cancer. The use  of  D-chiro-inositol  (DCI)  for  the  treatment  of  IR  in  PCOS  has  been  controversial  with  contradictory data being published. Our objective is to evaluate the effect of DCI combined with myo-inositol (MI), and metformin on the metabolic outcomes of PCOS in a Lebanese women cohort.</p>

and underwent the treatment with autologous stem cells.All Patients signed an informed consent after detailed discussion.The medium length of the preoperative discussion and explanation was 2 hours.Subjects enrolled in this study belonged to many categories and were subjected to various randomized protocols.All patients were treated with their own bone marrow derived stem cells after being divided into 4 groups: A, B, C and D (Table 1).A-Patients treated without pre-transplant preparation or posttransplant treatment.B-Patients treated with pre-transplant preparation.C-Patients treated without pre-transplant preparation but with post-transplant treatment.D-Patients treated with pre-transplant preparation and posttransplant treatment.The following neurological diseases were treated: