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Land use and its change impact food security, carbon cycling, biodiversity, and, hence, the condition of ecosystems to mitigate and adapt to climate change, support economic prosperity, and human well-being. To support and guide policy actions between the economy and the environment, harmonized time series datasets, transparent methodologies, and easily interpretable statistics are needed. Therefore, monitoring of the function and condition of lands and their change, along with properly agreed methodologies and freely accessible data, are essential. The Copernicus Land Monitoring Service has produced over 20 years of Corine Land Cover datasets for 39 countries in Europe, which allows continental-wide harmonized and comparable monitoring and accounting of land cover and land use change at a high thematic resolution and in a long time series (2000–2018). With the upcoming 2024 update, the time series will reach a unique product worldwide in terms of time series length, spatial resolution, extent, and thematic detail, enabling policymakers and the scientific community to address the main anthropogenic drivers of land and ecosystem degradation. This paper describes a unified approach for producing continental-wide land accounts that aligns with internationally agreed-upon standards for measuring the environment and its relationship with the economy. Furthermore, the study provides a harmonized time series of geospatial data for deriving land accounts and provides statistics of land cover and land use status and changes for a twenty-year period. All geospatial data and statistics presented in this paper are freely accessible and downloadable to serve other studies.

Simple SummaryWe investigated the nationwide distribution of the European wildcat (Felis silvestris Schreber, 1777) in Hungary during three time periods (2004, 2014, and 2022) to assess changes in its distribution and to examine the impact of land cover variables on its occurrence across the country. An online questionnaire survey of Hungarian game management units revealed that the distribution of the species has increased over the last two decades in Hungary, with the eastern, northern, and south-western parts of the country holding the majority of its population. In addition, the results indicated that the presence of the species was significantly higher in areas with high broad-leaved forest cover. From this study, we conclude that the wildcat population showed a positive trend; however, the population vanished in some parts of Hungary, and broad-leaved forests are the most important habitat for wildcats.The European wildcat (Felis silvestris Schreber, 1777) is an endangered and elusive carnivore that is slowly recovering in Central Europe after persecution and a decline in its distribution over the past two centuries, and specific conservation plans are needed in most of its range. Knowledge of the continent-wide distribution and status of this species is still poor. Using an online questionnaire, we evaluated the nationwide distribution of wildcats across three time periods (2004, 2014, and 2022) in Hungary. The species’ reported occurrence was analyzed according to binominal logistic regression using the percent cover of land cover categories as explanatory variables. We found that the spatial cover of broad-leaved forest was positively associated with the occurrence of wildcats, and the analysis revealed a positive trend in the larger 2004–2022 time frame. We also recorded that although wildcats have disappeared from areas of the central, southern, and western parts of Hungary, regions in the eastern, northern, and south-western areas appear to retain stable populations.

<p>The<!-- Start of main text paraghraphs. --> advances of Sentinel-1 SAR data, like its open access policy and short revisit time, gives an outstanding opportunity to conduct in-situ mapping of large scale deformations. After the requisite calibrations and corrections (radiometric, terrain), geocoding, coregistration and phase unwrapping; the unwrapped phase can be converted to Line-of-site (LOS) displacements. Although it gives a characteristic picture of the investigated phenomena only in one-dimension, but to obtain tree-dimensional (East/North/Up – ENU) deformation, it requires a more complex approach.</p><p>To obtain the complete tree-dimensional displacement field, both ascending and descending LOS displacements shall be retrieved. As well as, the corresponding unit-vector of LOS look-vectors and its parallel, along-track azimuth vector in the direction of the azimuth offsets, from the SAR sensor to all measurements (pixel) in ENU format. This lead to four observations with different incident angles for each measurements, which can be generalized as an over-determined inverse problem. The estimated model vector of the complete tree-dimensional displacement can be obtained, if the Jacobi-matrix can be represented as the look-vectors in ENU basis and the observation vector as LOS deformations acquired from the unwrapped phase of the interferogram. Then the over-determined linear equation system can be solved in the L2 norm via the Gaussian Least Squares (LSQ) approach combined with Singular Value Decomposition (SVD).<!-- OPTIONAL: if reference field exists. --></p><p>Demonstrating the aforementioned, we present the continuation of DInSAR results of the two strike-slip earthquakes between 2019.07.04-06. with foreshock M<sub>W</sub> =6.5 and mainshock M<sub> W</sub> =7.1 in the Eastern Californian Shear Zone near Ridgecrest (US).</p>

A XIX. század második felétől Magyarországon is elterjedő telepes lakóterületeken épült házak nem csak egyedi építészeti értékeikkel jelenthetnek védendő értéket: a jó minőségű, magas színvonalú telepek olyan városléptékű többletértéket adnak hozzá a településképhez, melyet a szakmai közmegegyezés védelmi eszközök segítségével kíván megőrizni. Cikkünkben azt a hipotézist kívánjuk igazolni és mérhető indikátorokkal alátámasztani, hogy ezek az eszközök (védelmi eszköztár, településrendezési eszközök, közös tulajdon/kezelés, felújításhoz nyújtott anyagi támogatás és társadalmi szemléletformálás) csak akkor lehetnek sikeresek és eredményesek, ha nem állnak feloldhatatlan ellentétben a lakók részéről a lakásokkal, házakkal és együttesekkel szemben támasztott kortárs funkcionális, műszaki és erkölcsi követelményrendszerrel. A vizsgálathoz 5-5 városépítészeti és épületléptékű indikátort vezettünk be, melyekkel leírható a lakások és a nekik helyet adó házak és telepek műszaki és morális időtállósága, illetve a kortárs követelményekhez való adaptálhatósága. A bevezetett indikátorrendszert három magyarországi, alacsony-intenzív telepes lakóegyüttes példáján keresztül teszteljük, melyek eltérő korúak, léptékűek és más-más társadalmi csoportot céloztak meg felépítésük idején, eltérő eszközrendszer védi őket, így viszonylag széles spektrumot képviselnek a hasonló telepek között.