Leprince-Ringuet Laboratory

The first observation and study of two new baryonic structures in the final state Ξ_{b}^{0}π^{+}π^{-} and the confirmation of the Ξ_{b}(6100)^{-} state in the Ξ_{b}^{-}π^{+}π^{-} decay mode are reported using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb^{-1}. In addition, the properties of the known Ξ_{b}^{*0}, Ξ_{b}^{'-} and Ξ_{b}^{*-} resonances are measured with improved precision. The new decay mode of the Ξ_{b}^{0} baryon to the Ξ_{c}^{+} π^{-} π^{+} π^{-} final state is observed and exploited for the first time in these measurements.

Evidence for the decays B0→D¯\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\overline{D} $$\\end{document}0ϕ and B0→D¯\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\overline{D} $$\\end{document}*0ϕ is reported with a significance of 3.6 σ and 4.3 σ, respectively. The analysis employs pp collision data at centre-of-mass energies s\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\sqrt{s} $$\\end{document} = 7, 8 and 13 TeV collected by the LHCb detector and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb−1. The branching fractions are measured to beBB0→D¯0ϕ=7.7±2.1±0.7±0.7×10−7,BB0→D¯∗0ϕ=2.2±0.5±0.2±0.2×10−6.\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ {\\displaystyle \\begin{array}{l}\\mathcal{B}\\left({B}^0\ o {\\overline{D}}^0\\phi \\right)=\\left(7.7\\pm 2.1\\pm 0.7\\pm 0.7\\right)\ imes {10}^{-7},\\\\ {}\\mathcal{B}\\left({B}^0\ o {\\overline{D}}^{\\ast 0}\\phi \\right)=\\left(2.2\\pm 0.5\\pm 0.2\\pm 0.2\\right)\ imes {10}^{-6}.\\end{array}} $$\\end{document}In these results, the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic, and the third is related to the branching fraction of the B0→D¯\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\overline{D} $$\\end{document}0K+K− decay, used for normalisation. By combining the branching fractions of the decays B0 → D¯∗0ϕ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ {\\overline{D}}^{\\left(\\ast \\right)0}\\phi $$\\end{document} and B0 → D¯∗0ω\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ {\\overline{D}}^{\\left(\\ast \\right)0}\\omega $$\\end{document}, the ω-ϕ mixing angle δ is constrained to be tan2δ = (3.6 ± 0.7 ± 0.4) × 10−3, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. An updated measurement of the branching fractions of the Bs0\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ {B}_s^0 $$\\end{document} → D¯∗0ϕ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ {\\overline{D}}^{\\left(\\ast \\right)0}\\phi $$\\end{document} decays, which can be used to determine the CKM angle γ, leads toBBs0→D¯0ϕ=2.30±0.10±0.11±0.20×10−5,BBs0→D¯∗0ϕ=3.17±0.16±0.17±0.27×10−5.\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ {\\displaystyle \\begin{array}{c}\\mathcal{B}\\left({B}_s^0\ o {\\overline{D}}^0\\phi \\right)=\\left(2.30\\pm 0.10\\pm 0.11\\pm 0.20\\right)\ imes {10}^{-5},\\\\ {}\\mathcal{B}\\left({B}_s^0\ o {\\overline{D}}^{\\ast 0}\\phi \\right)=\\left(3.17\\pm 0.16\\pm 0.17\\pm 0.27\\right)\ imes {10}^{-5}.\\end{array}} $$\\end{document}

The second-order (v2) and third-order (v3) Fourier coefficients describing the azimuthal anisotropy of prompt and nonprompt (from b-hadron decays) J/ψ, as well as prompt ψ(2S) mesons are measured in lead-lead collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sNN\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\sqrt{s_{\ extrm{NN}}} $$\\end{document} = 5.02 TeV. The analysis uses a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.61 nb−1 recorded with the CMS detector. The J/ψ and ψ(2S) mesons are reconstructed using their dimuon decay channel. The v2 and v3 coefficients are extracted using the scalar product method and studied as functions of meson transverse momentum and collision centrality. The measured v2 values for prompt J/ψ mesons are found to be larger than those for nonprompt J/ψ mesons. The prompt J/ψ v2 values at high pT are found to be underpredicted by a model incorporating only parton energy loss effects in a quark-gluon plasma medium. Prompt and nonprompt J/ψ meson v3 and prompt ψ(2S) v2 and v3 values are also reported for the first time, providing new information about heavy quark interactions in the hot and dense medium created in heavy ion collisions.

As part of its HL-LHC upgrade program, the CMS collaboration is replacing its existing endcap calorimeters with a high-granularity calorimeter (CE). The new calorimeter is a sampling calorimeter with unprecedented transverse and longitudinal readout for both electromagnetic and hadronic compartments. Due to its compactness, intrinsic time resolution, and radiation hardness, silicon has been chosen as active material for the regions exposed to higher radiation levels. The silicon sensors are fabricated as 20 cm (8”) wide hexagonal wafers and are segmented into several hundred pads which are read out individually. As part of the sensor qualification strategy, 8” sensor irradiation with neutrons has been conducted at the Rhode Island Nuclear Science Center (RINSC) and followed by their electrical characterisation in 2020-21. The completion of this important milestone in the CE's R&D program is documented in this paper and it provides detailed account of the associated infrastructure and procedures. The results on the electrical properties of the irradiated CE silicon sensors are presented.

A search for long-lived particles decaying in the outer regions of the CMS silicon tracker or in the calorimeters is presented. The search is based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions at sqrt{s} = 13 TeV recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2016–2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb−1. A novel technique, using nearly trackless and out-of-time jet information combined in a deep neural network discriminator, is employed to identify decays of long-lived particles. The results are interpreted in a simplified model of chargino-neutralino production, where the neutralino is the next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle, is long-lived, and decays to a gravitino and either a Higgs or Z boson. This search is most sensitive to neutralino proper decay lengths of approximately 0.5 m, for which masses up to 1.18 TeV are excluded at 95% confidence level. The current search is the best result to date in the mass range from the kinematic limit imposed by the Higgs boson mass up to 1.8 TeV.

The CKM angle γ is determined from CP-violating observables measured in B± → D[K∓π±π±π∓]h±, (h = K, π) decays, where the measurements are performed in bins of the decay phase-space of the D meson. Using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 9 fb−1, γ is determined to beγ=54.8+6.0−5.8+0.6−0.6+6.7−4.3∘,\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\gamma ={\\left(54.8\\begin{array}{c}+6.0\\\\ {}-5.8\\end{array}\\begin{array}{c}+0.6\\\\ {}-0.6\\end{array}\\begin{array}{c}+6.7\\\\ {}-4.3\\end{array}\\right)}^{\\circ }, $$\\end{document}where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third from the external inputs on the coherence factors and strong phases of the D-meson decays.

The path-length dependent parton energy loss within the dense partonic medium created in lead-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of sqrt{s_{textrm{NN}}} = 5.02 TeV is studied by determining the azimuthal anisotropies for dijets with high transverse momentum. The data were collected by the CMS experiment in 2018 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.69 nb−1. For events containing back-to-back jets, correlations in relative azimuthal angle and pseudorapidity (η) between jets and hadrons, and between two hadrons, are constructed. The anisotropies are expressed as the Fourier expansion coefficients vn, n = 2–4 of these azimuthal distributions. The dijet vn values are extracted from long-range (1.5 < |∆η| < 2.5) components of these correlations, which suppresses the background contributions from jet fragmentation processes. Positive dijet v2 values are observed which increase from central to more peripheral events, while the v3 and v4 values are consistent with zero within experimental uncertainties.

The production cross-sections of Υ mesons, namely Υ(1S), Υ(2S) and Υ(3S), in pp collisions at sqrt{s} = 5 TeV are measured with a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9.13 ± 0.18 pb−1 collected by the LHCb detector. The Υ mesons are reconstructed in the decay mode Υ → μ+μ−. Double differential cross-sections times branching fractions, as functions of the transverse momentum pT and the rapidity y of the Υ mesons, are measured in the range pT< 20 GeV/c and 2.0 < y < 4.5. The results integrated over these pT and y ranges areσΥ1S×BΥ1S→μ+μ−=2101±33±83pb,σΥ2S×BΥ2S→μ+μ−=526±20±21pb,σΥ3S×BΥ3S→μ+μ−=242±16±10pb,\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\sigma \\left(\ extrm{Y}(1S)\\right)\ imes \\mathcal{B}\\left(\ extrm{Y}(1S)\ o {\\mu}^{+}{\\mu}^{-}\\right)=2101\\pm 33\\pm 83\\ \ extrm{pb}, $$$$ \\sigma \\left(\ extrm{Y}(2S)\\right)\ imes \\mathcal{B}\\left(\ extrm{Y}(2S)\ o {\\mu}^{+}{\\mu}^{-}\\right)=526\\pm 20\\pm 21\\ \ extrm{pb}, $$$$ \\sigma \\left(\ extrm{Y}(3S)\\right)\ imes \\mathcal{B}\\left(\ extrm{Y}(3S)\ o {\\mu}^{+}{\\mu}^{-}\\right)=242\\pm 16\\pm 10\\ \ extrm{pb}, $$\\end{document}where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. The ratios of cross-sections between measurements of two different Υ states and between measurements at different centre-of-mass energies are determined. The nuclear modification factor of Υ(1S) at sqrt{s} = 5 TeV is updated as well using the directly measured cross-section results from this analysis.

Reliable neutron star mass measurements are key to determining the equation of state of cold nuclear matter, but such measurements are rare. Black widows and redbacks are compact binaries consisting of millisecond pulsars and semi-degenerate companion stars. Spectroscopy of the optically bright companions can determine their radial velocities, providing inclination-dependent pulsar mass estimates. Although inclinations can be inferred from subtle features in optical light curves, such estimates may be systematically biased due to incomplete heating models and poorly understood variability. Using data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope, we have searched for gamma-ray eclipses from 49 spider systems, discovering significant eclipses in 7 systems, including the prototypical black widow PSR B1957+20. Gamma-ray eclipses require direct occultation of the pulsar by the companion, and so the detection, or significant exclusion, of a gamma-ray eclipse strictly limits the binary inclination angle, providing new robust, model-independent pulsar mass constraints. For PSR B1957+20, the eclipse implies a much lighter pulsar (1.81 ± 0.07 solar masses) than inferred from optical light curve modelling.

The SuperFGD detector will be a novel and important upgrade to the ND280 near detector for both the T2K and Hyper-Kamiokande projects. The main goal of the ND280 upgrade is to reduce systematic uncertainties associated with neutrino flux and cross-section modeling for future studies of neutrino oscillations using the T2K and Hyper-Kamiokande experiments. The upgraded ND280 detector will be able to perform a full exclusive reconstruction of the final state from neutrino-nucleus interactions, including measurements of low momentum protons, pions and for the first time, event-by event measurements of neutron kinematics. Precisely understanding the time resolution is critical for the neutron energy measurements and hence an important factor in reducing the systematic uncertainties. In this paper we present the results of time resolution measurements made with the SuperFGD prototype that consists of 9216 plastic scintillator cubes (cube size is 1 cm3) readout with 1728 wavelength-shifting (WLS) fibers along the three orthogonal directions. We used data from a muon beam exposure at CERN. A time resolution of 0.97 ns was obtained for one readout channel after implementing the time calibration with a correction for time-walk effects. The time resolution improves with increasing energy deposited in a scintillator cube, improving to 0.87 ns for large pulses. Averaging two readout channels for one scintillator cube further improves the time resolution to 0.68 ns implying that signals in different channels are not synchronous. In addition the contribution from the time sampling interval of 2.5 ns is averaged as well. Most importantly, averaging time values from N channels improves the time resolution by ∼ 1/√(N). For example, averaging the time from 2 scintillator cubes with 2 fibers each improves the time resolution to 0.47 ns which is much better than the intrinsic electronics time resolution of 0.72 ns in one channel due to the 2.5 ns sampling window. This indicates that a very good time resolution should be achievable for neutrons since neutron recoils typically interact with several scintillator cubes and in addition produce larger signal amplitudes than muons. Measurements performed with a laser and a wide-bandwidth oscilloscope in which the contribution from the electronics time sampling window was removed demonstrated that the time resolution obtained with the muon beam is not far from the theoretical limit. The intrinsic time resolution of a scintillator cube and one WLS fiber is about 0.67 ns for signals of 56 photo electrons which is typical for minimum ionizing particles.