Levi Strauss (United States)

Dans La volonté de savoir, Foucault propose une critique de la « scientia sexualis » : ce savoir de la « sexualité » repose sur une synthèse fallacieuse de phénomènes physiques et psychiques fort dissemblables et il soumet les sujets aux pouvoirs d’une supposée rationalité herméneutique et à des contraintes normatives qu’il faut éliminer. Deux ordres de questions s’imposent alors. D’une part : que convient-il de substituer au régime de savoir et de pouvoir de la « sexualité » ? Suffit-il de valoriser « les corps et les plaisirs » afin de lutter contre le « dispositif de la sexualité » ? D’autre part, l’expérience que nous appelons, faute de mieux, sexuelle est-elle réductible à l’idée de la « sexualité » ? Les travaux menés après La volonté de savoir proposent des réponses. Ainsi, Foucault se réfère à une « expérience fondamentale » de la sexualité qu’il distingue de l’idée moderne de « sexualité ». Cette expérience fonde la continuité de l’enquête généalogique : sans ce fondement, cette enquête, qui trouve son origine dans l’éthique grecque des plaisirs et s’achève avec la « scientia sexualis », ne serait qu’une succession de rationalités hétérogènes sans fil directeur. De plus, Foucault s’instruit de cette éthique afin de ré-interpréter l’expérience fondamentale de la sexualité et de proposer une morale des plaisirs délivrée des impératifs herméneutiques et normatifs. Il convient alors de s’interroger sur ce que peut nous apprendre cette morale sur cette expérience.

U radu su prikazani glavni rezultati interdisciplinarnoga istraživanja kulturno-povijesnoga djelovanja pavlinskoga samostana na Ospu, dijelu današnjega Novog Vinodolskog gdje se nalazi gradsko groblje, od njegova osnutka

PurposeTo evaluate deep learning (DL)‐based deformable image registration (DIR) for dose accumulation during radiotherapy of prostate cancer patients.Methods and MaterialsData including 341 CBCTs (209 daily, 132 weekly) and 23 planning CTs from 23 patients was retrospectively analyzed. Anatomical deformation during treatment was estimated using free‐form deformation (FFD) method from Elastix and DL‐based VoxelMorph approaches. The VoxelMorph method was investigated using anatomical scans (VMorph_Sc) or label images (VMorph_Msk), or the combination of both (VMorph_Sc_Msk). Accumulated doses were compared with the planning dose.ResultsThe DSC ranges, averaged for prostate, rectum and bladder, were 0.60–0.71, 0.67–0.79, 0.93–0.98, and 0.89–0.96 for the FFD, VMorph_Sc, VMorph_Msk, and VMorph_Sc_Msk methods, respectively. When including both anatomical and label images, VoxelMorph estimated more complex deformations resulting in heterogeneous determinant of Jacobian and higher percentage of deformation vector field (DVF) folding (up to a mean value of 1.90% in the prostate). Large differences were observed between DL‐based methods regarding estimation of the accumulated dose, showing systematic overdosage and underdosage of the bladder and rectum, respectively. The difference between planned mean dose and accumulated mean dose with VMorph_Sc_Msk reached a median value of +6.3 Gy for the bladder and −5.1 Gy for the rectum.ConclusionThe estimation of the deformations using DL‐based approach is feasible for male pelvic anatomy but requires the inclusion of anatomical contours to improve organ correspondence. High variability in the estimation of the accumulated dose depending on the deformable strategy suggests further investigation of DL‐based techniques before clinical deployment.

El ensayo pretende analizar los procesos que condujeron al reconocimiento por parte de la UNESCO de los patrimonios culturales inmateriales que giran en torno a la mesa, las costumbres alimentarias y las prácticas sociales y productivas relacionadas con la comida. El enfoque teórico abarca desde las reflexiones contenidas en los tres discursos sobre la relación entre los conceptos de raza, historia y cultura pronunciados por Claude Lévi-Strauss en las Naciones Unidas en la posguerra, hasta las reflexiones más recientes de Luigi M. Lombardi Satriani sobre el valor identitario de los alimentos. En el debate se examinan documentos como las Declaraciones de la UNESCO, la Convención para la Salvaguardia del Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial de 2003, el Convenio de Faro de 2005, así como las candidaturas e inscripciones de bienes relacionados con culturas y prácticas alimentarias en la Lista Representativa del Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial de la Humanidad: borscht, baguette, harissa, cocina italiana, etc. El análisis muestra cómo los patrimonios alimentarios son motivo de orgullo para las comunidades y han sido durante mucho tiempo objeto de prejuicios por parte de las instituciones, tanto nacionales como internacionales. Pero desde los reconocimientos pioneros de la “Dieta Mediterránea”, la “Comida Gastronómica de los Franceses” y la “Cocina Tradicional Mexicana”, en 2010, la conciencia colectiva e institucional ha cambiado hasta el punto de que la promoción de estos patrimonios inmateriales está creciendo exponencialmente. El ensayo pretende, por tanto, ofrecer al debate antropológico una reflexión históricocrítica y una genealogía interpretativa de este fenómeno.

Surgery is a cornerstone of breast cancer management. Prior to surgery, a wire marker is placed at the site of the tumor, to enable the surgeon to accurately localize the lesion during later surgery. This procedure can generate considerable anxiety for many patients. We investigated the value of conversational hypnosis (CH) in reducing anxiety in patients undergoing preoperative wire placement under radiographic control. Randomized, multicentre study in 7 centers in France. Inclusion criteria were patients aged >18 years with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≤2, scheduled to undergo preoperative wire placement in one or several breast lesions. Patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio, stratified by center to undergo preoperative wire placement with or without the use of CH by a radiological technician trained in the CH technique. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients with an anxiety score ≥ 6 on a visual analog scale ranging from 0 (absence of anxiety) to 10 (maximal anxiety). Secondary endpoints were pain score, perceived duration reported by the patient, technician satisfaction with their relationship with the patient, and ease of marker insertion reported by the radiologist. Semi-structured interviews were performed with patients to assess their perception of the marker placement procedure. The trial was prematurely interrupted for futility after a planned interim analysis after accrual of 167 patients, i.e., half the planned sample size. Prior to marker placement, 29.3% (n = 24) of patients in the control group had an anxiety score ≥ 6, versus 42.3% (n = 33) in the CH group (p = 0.08). After marker placement, the change of anxiety score was not significantly different between groups (11.0% (n = 9) versus 14.3% (n = 11), p = 0.615). There was no significant difference in any of the secondary endpoints. In the interviews, patients from both groups frequently spoke of a feeling of trust. This study failed to show a benefit of conversational hypnosis on anxiety in patients undergoing marker placement prior to surgery for breast cancer. The fact that some caregivers had learned this personalized therapeutic communication technique may have had a positive impact on the whole caregiving team. The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02867644).

Presentation for the 2022 MMCMLA Annual Virtual Meeting on October 28, 2022.

In MONARCH 2, abemaciclib plus fulvestrant significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) versus placebo plus fulvestrant in patients with hormone receptor positive (HR+), HER2- advanced breast cancer. This exploratory analysis assessed the efficacy of abemaciclib plus fulvestrant across subgroups of patients receiving study therapy as first- or second-line treatment for metastatic disease. Improvements were estimated using Cox models, and a test of interactions of subgroups with treatment was performed. The benefit in PFS [first-line, HR, 0.57; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.45-0.73; second-line, HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.36-0.64] and OS (first-line, HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.64-1.14; second-line, HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.46-0.94) was observed across both subgroups, consistent with the intent-to-treat (ITT) population. In first-line patients (abemaciclib arm, n = 265; placebo arm, n = 133), the numerically largest effect on PFS and OS was observed in patients with primary resistance to endocrine therapy (ET; PFS, HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.26-0.63; OS, HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.35-0.97) and visceral disease (PFS, HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.39-0.73; OS, HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.58-1.20). In second-line patients (abemaciclib arm, n = 170; placebo arm, n = 86), a numerical benefit in PFS and OS was observed across primary and secondary ET resistance, with numerically more pronounced effects observed in patients with visceral disease (PFS, HR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.27-0.57; OS, HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.33-0.81). Prolongation of time to second disease progression, time to chemotherapy, and chemotherapy-free survival was observed in both subgroups. Consistent with the ITT population, a benefit in PFS and OS was observed across the first- and second-line subgroups in MONARCH 2.