Lietuvos Mokslo Taryba

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and low-grade inflammation that disrupts cytokine production, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which plays a key role in β-cell function and survival. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Centella asiatica ethanol extract on IL-1β expression in streptozotocin–nicotinamide (STZ-NA)–induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rat models. Method: The study employed a randomized post-test-only controlled group design involving 48 male Wistar rats, which were randomly allocated into six experimental groups, including two control groups. Observations and outcome measurements were conducted on days 28 and 35. Treatments included Centella asiatica extract at doses of 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kgBW and metformin as a comparison. IL-1β expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry and scored using the Immunoreactive Score (IRS). Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests. Results: Results showed that STZ-NA induction decreased IL-1β expression compared with normal controls. Administration of Centella asiatica extract significantly influenced IL-1β expression (p < 0.05). The 1200 mg/kgBW dose restored IL-1β expression to levels comparable with the normal control and metformin groups, especially at 35 days. Conclusion: In conclusion, Centella asiatica ethanol extract improves impaired cytokine production in T2DM rats, and the 1200 mg/kgBW dose for 35 days demonstrates the strongest effect in normalizing IL-1β expression.

<p><strong>ABSTRAK </strong><br /><strong>Latar Belakang:</strong> Diperkirakan sebanyak 1 miliar penduduk dewasa atau 12% populasi dunia mengalami obesitas pada tahun 2025. Obesitas di Indonesia juga mengalami peningkatan yang pesat khususnya pada kelompok dewasa dan pekerja. Penyebab utama obesitas pada pekerja salah satunya karena kualitas diet yang rendah dan asupan energi berlebih sehingga menyebabkan ketidakseimbangan energi. <br /><strong>Tujuan:</strong> Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas diet dengan timbulnya obesitas pada pekerja perusahaan di Kalimantan Timur.<br /><strong>Metode:</strong> Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kualitatif dengan responden yaitu pekerja obesitas. Secara keseluruhan, 25 orang responden yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok focus group discussion (FGD) untuk dilakukan wawancara semi terstruktur. Penetapan responden dilakukan secara purposive berdasarkan unit kerja. Pengumpulan data menggunakan perekam audio dan pencatatan. Data demografi dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner, FGD menggunakan instrumen berupa panduan yang berisi daftar pertanyaan mencakup pengetahuan tentang pola makan sehat dan obesitas, kualitas diet, kontrol diri dalam pemilihan makanan dan pengaruh lingkungan di tempat kerja. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis isi, sintesis tematik dan triangulasi untuk validasi.<br /><strong>Hasil:</strong> Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 4 faktor utama yang mempengaruhi kualitas diet dan obesitas pada pekerja, yaitu : kurangnya pengetahuan tentang pola makan sehat, kualitas diet yang rendah, kurangnya kontrol diri dalam pemilihan makanan, dan pengaruh lingkungan makan serta media sosial di tempat kerja.<br /><strong>Kesimpulan:</strong> Studi ini menyediakan informasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas diet dengan terjadinya obesitas pada pekerja. Diperlukan dukungan dari perusahaan tempat kerja untuk meningkatkan kualitas diet dan kesehatan pekerja</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong>KATA KUNCI:</strong> kualitas diet; obesitas; pekerja</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong><br /><strong>Background:</strong> It is estimated that as many as 1 billion adults will be obese by 2025. Obesity in Indonesia is also increasing rapidly, especially among adults and workers. One of the main causes of obesity in workers is low dietary quality and excessive energy intake.<br /><strong>Objectives:</strong> The aim of this research is to explore the factors affecting diet quality and obesity in company workers in East Kalimantan.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> This study uses a qualitative design conducted in an industrial company in East Kalimantan. The respondents are workers with obesity. Overall, 5 semi-structured focus groups discussion (FGD) were conducted with a total of 25 respondents who were determined purposively according to work units. Respondents' demographic data were collected through a short questionnaire. Data collection using an audio recorder and notes. The instrument to be used is a FGD guide that contains questions related to knowledge about healthy eating patterns and obesity, dietary quality, self-control in food choices and influence of workplace food environment. Qualitative data is processed and analyzed using analytical methods content, thematic synthesis and triangulation for validation.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> The result of this study shows that there are four main themes affecting dietary quality and obesity among workers. These factors are: lack of knowledge about healthy eating patterns, low dietary quality, lack of self-control and influence of workplace food environment.<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study provides information on factors affecting diet quality and obesity in workers. Support from workplace is needed to improve the quality of workers' diets and health</p><p><br /><strong>KEYWORD:</strong> diet quality; obesity; workers</p>

Diabetes Mellitus is a degenerative disease with symptoms arising from an increase in blood sugar (glucose) levels due to lack of the hormone insulin in the body. In overcoming the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus, nutritional counseling is needed, one of which is using menu calendar media that contains menu pictures that are practical and easy to understand. This study aims to determine the effect of nutritional counseling using a menu calendar on carbohydrate intake and levels Methods: This research is descriptive analytic with a quasi-experimental approach with a pretest- posttest design. Sampling was carried out using the Purposive Sampling technique which obtained as many as 22 samples. The study will be conducted in August 2023. Carbohydrate intake was collected using Food Recall and blood sugar levels using Accu Check. Data analysis using Dependent T-test. The average of carbohydrate intake before nutrition counseling using calendar menu in patients Diabetes Mellitus (DM) with Type II was 180.15 grams and carbohydrate intake after 160.62 grams, which means a decrease in general carbohydrate intake of 40,8 grams. The average blood sugar level before nutritional counseling using calendar menu in patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus (DM) was 158.09 mg / dL and blood sugar levels after 109.41 mg / dL, which means a decrease in blood sugar levels in general of 48.68 mg / dL. There is an influence of counseling using Calendar Menu media on carbohydrate intake and blood sugar levels in type II Diabetes Mellitus patients at RSUD dr. Fauziah Bireuen with p values of 0.000 and 0.0001 (p<0.05).

The prevalence of sleep quality problems in adolescents is increasing worldwide every year. Many factors influence sleep quality in adolescents, such as body mass index and physical activity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the significance of several risk factors for sleep quality disorders in adolescents. This study employed a cross-sectional design, involving 337 adolescents in high school, selected totally. Data on sleep quality and suspected risk factors were collected through questionnaires and then analyzed using logistic regression. The results showed that 54.62% of adolescents experienced poor sleep quality. A p-value of less than 0.05 was found for physical activity, self-esteem, and body mass index, thus interpreting these three factors as significantly influencing adolescent sleep quality. Furthermore, it was concluded that physical activity, body mass index, and self-esteem are determinants of adolescent sleep quality, with obesity status being the most dominant determinant. Keywords : adolescents; sleep quality; physical activity; body mass index; self-esteem ABSTRAK Prevalensi masalah kualitas tidur pada remaja setiap tahun meningkat di seluruh dunia. Banyak faktor yang memengaruhi kualitas tidur remaja seperti indeks massa tubuh dan aktifitas fisik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis signifikansi beberapa faktor risiko gangguan kualitas tidur remaja. Penelitian ini menerapkan desain cross-sectional , dengan melibatkan 337 remaja di sekolah menegah atas, yang dipilih secara total. Data tentang kualitas tidur dan faktor-faktor resiko yang diduga, dikumpulkan melalui pengisian kuesioner, lalu dianalisis dengan uji regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 54,62% remaja mengalami kualitas tidur yang buruk. Nilai p kurang dari 0,05 didapatkan pada faktor aktivitas fisik, harga diri, dan indeks massa tubuh, sehingga diinterpretasikan bahwa ketiga faktor tersebut secara signifikan berpengaruh terhadap kualitas tidur remaja. Selanjutnya disimpulkan bahwa aktivitas fisik, indeks massa tubuh dan harga diri adalah determinan kualitas tidur remaja, dengan status kegemukan sebagai determinan paling dominan. Kata kunci : remaja; kualitas tidur; aktivitas fisik; indeks massa tubuh; harga diri

Nutmeg, a key agricultural product of Fak-Fak Regency, is processed into diverse food products, including jams utilized in mini lontar cakes and rolled tart cakes. This study aimed to optimize the use of nutmeg flesh in jam production, evaluating its nutritional composition, antioxidant properties, and consumer acceptability. Conducted as an experimental study employing a completely randomized design (CRD), six formulations of nutmeg jam (S0 to S5) were prepared and analyzed. A sensory evaluation was performed by 30 semi-trained panelists from the Nutrition Department of the Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health, Sorong. Statistical differences in acceptability were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (α ≤ 0.05). The results identified S5 (50% nutmeg pulp and 50% sugar) as the most preferred formulation, with significant differences in taste (p = 0.01) and texture (p = 0.03), but no notable differences in color (p = 0.06), aroma (p = 0.33), or overall acceptance (p = 0.99). Nutritional analysis revealed a carbohydrate content of 45.09% and antioxidant activity of 69.8%, comparable to raw nutmeg pulp (70.4%). Furthermore, mini lontar cakes and rolled tarts incorporating S5 jam demonstrated superior carbohydrate levels (53.92% and 38.09%, respectively) and antioxidant activities (35.8% and 41.5%). These findings underscore the potential of nutmeg-derived products in contributing to functional food development, supporting the diversification of nutmeg-based snacks as a source of bioactive compounds and nutritional benefits.

Kekurangan Energi Kronik (KEK) merupakan salah satu masalah gizi yang terjadi pada ibu hamil di Indonesia dengan prevalensi sebesar 8,4% sedangkan target World Health Organization adalah <5%. KEK pada ibu hamil disebabkan oleh adanya defisiensi zat gizi akibat kurangnya asupan energi dan zat gizi. Salah satu penyebab asupan yang rendah adalah pengetahuan gizi yang kurang sehingga menyebabkan sikap dan perilaku ibu terhadap gizi tidak benar, dengan demikian perlu dilakukan pendekatan melalui Komunikasi, Informasi dan Edukasi (KIE) misalnya pemberian konseling gizi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak pemberian konseling gizi terhadap pengetahuan dan asupan gizi ibu hamil dengan kekurangan energi kronis (KEK). Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah pre experimental dengan rancangan one group pre-post test design. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2022 – Mei 2023 di Puskesmas Paccerakkang Kota Makassar. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 25 orang ibu hamil KEK yang ditetapkan secara purposive sampling. Pelaksanaan intervensi dilakukan empat kali selama dua minggu. Analisis data menggunakan Uji paired t-test dependen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pemberian konseling gizi terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan ibu hamil KEK dengan p = 0.001 < 0.05 dan tidak terdapat pengaruh pada peningkatan asupan energi (p = 0.179), protein (p = 0.070), lemak (p = 0.197) dan karbohidrat (p = 0.326) ibu hamil KEK. Implementasi konseling gizi dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil KEK namun belum mampu meningkatkan asupan energi dan zat gizi makro hingga terpenuhinya kebutuhan gizi.

Latar Belakang: Laporan WHO tahun 2016 menunjukkan bahwa sekitar 340 juta lebih anak dan remaja berusia 5-19 tahun mengalami obesitas.Dari tahun 2000 hingga 2017, 38,3 juta anak di seluruh dunia mengalami obesitas. Kondisi ini berubah dari 4,9% pada tahun 2000 menjadi 5,6% pada tahun 2017 dan lebih dari 2 juta anak di Indonesia kelebihan berat badan atau obesitas. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan pendekatan quasy eksperiment (eksperimen semu) dengan rancangan pretest dan posttest. Subjek sebanyak 35 siswi SMA IT Al-Fityan. Lokasi penelitian akan dilaksanakan di SMA Al – Fityan Aceh Besar dengan rencana penelitian bulan Mei tahun 2023. Pengumpulan data meliputinpengumpulan data primer dan data sekunder, yang akan diolah melalui tahap eduting, coding, skoring, processing dan cleaning. Analisis data menggunakan software R- statistik, meliputi uji T-Dependent denga tingkat kepercayaan 95% (α = 0,05). Data penelitian akan disajikan dalam bentuk tabular dan tekstular. Hasil: Setelah dilakukan uji statistik menggunakan uji Dependent T-test, rerata pengetahuan siswa sebelum di berikan edukasi yaitu 12.42 kemudian setelah diberikan edukasi nilai rata-rata pengetahuan meningkat menjadi 15.02 .Hasil statistik menunjukkan nilaippengetahuan yaitu (p=0,000). Kesimpulan: Rata-rata pengetahuan siswa sebelum dilakukan edukasi yaitu 12.42 dengan deviasi sebesar 1.85% dan setelah diberikan edukasi menggunakan media leaflet yaitu meningkat menjadi 15.02 dengan deviasi 1.61%. Penggunaan edukasi leaflet untuk pencegahan dan pengendalian overweight berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan remaja SMA IT Al-Fityan Aceh Besar.

Background: Hypertension is a disease that often does not cause symptoms until the sufferer's condition worsens. This disease has become one of the main causes of death globally. Various methods continue to be sought to manage blood pressure. Apart from appropriate medication, it is also recommended to adopt a healthy lifestyle by choosing nutritious foods as recommended in the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension.Objective: Evaluating the effect of Morina cookies on the blood pressure of individuals with hypertension.Research Methods: This research uses the Randomized Controlled Trial method with a Pretest-Posttest design including a control group. The number of subjects was calculated using the Lemeshow formula, resulting in 28 subjects.Research Result: In subjects aged 45-80 years, with 82% being female, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased after the intervention (p<0.05).Conclusion: There was a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure after administering Morina cookies for 7 days in hypertensive patients.

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia caused by deficiencies in insulin activity, secretion, or both. Nutritionists apply the Standardized Process of Nutritional Care (PAGT), a standardized procedure, to provide high-quality nutritional care services through a series of planned actions, such as evaluating nutritional needs and meeting those needs. By addressing the various elements that cause imbalances or changes in nutritional status, standardized nutritional care methods attempt to help patients overcome nutritional problems. Research Objective: To determine the process of standardized nutritional care (PAGT) for diabetes mellitus patients in the pulmonary irna room at the Patut Patuh Patju Regional General Hospital (RSUD), West Lombok Regency. Research Method: The methodology of this research is descriptive observational research using case studies taken from individuals suffering from type II diabetes mellitus. Research Results: The patient on behalf of Mrs. 62 year old J was admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of Type II Diabetes Mellitus. From the results of the nutritional assessment, the patient's consumption level of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrates was in the low intake category. The results of anthropometric measurements of the patient had poor nutritional status. Based on laboratory results, the patient had laboratory examination levels that were in the abnormal category. The results of the patient's physical examination were in a weak condition with the patient's level of consciousness (CM) and clinical condition in the normal category. The nutritional diagnosis made was inadequate oral intake, decreased carbohydrate requirements, and poor adherence to the diet provided. The type of diet given is the 1500 kcal DM Diet. The results of monitoring and evaluation carried out for 3 days showed that the patient's food intake was still in the category of insufficient food intake (<80%), there was no improvement in nutritional status, the patient's laboratory progress fluctuated during the examination, and the results of the physical and clinical examination were normal and the results of the laboratory examination of blood sugar (GDS) decreased. Conclusion: Based on the intervention carried out, it can be concluded that there was no increase in the patient's food intake, for anthropometric monitoring and evaluation the patient had a poor nutritional status (underweight), then monitoring and evaluating the patient's general condition improved, next, the results of monitoring and evaluating the patient's laboratory data not in the normal category.

Background: Chronic kidney disease is a situation where there is a decrease in kidney efficiency which occurs slowly over a long period of time and has remained stable for the last 3 months. Chronic kidney disease patients who are hospitalized are not only given health care, but also given nutritional services in the form of standardized nutritional care. Nutritional care aims to help patients solve nutritional problems by overcoming various factors that cause nutritional status to change or be unbalanced. Research Objective: To describe the process of standardized nutritional care for patients with stage IV chronic kidney disease. Research Method: Observational descriptive method with case studies in patients with stage IV chronic kidney disease. Research Results: The patient on behalf of Mrs. 57 year old R was admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of stage IV chronic kidney disease. From the results of the nutritional assessment, the patient had a low level of consumption of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrates. The results of anthropometric measurements of the patient have good nutritional status. Based on laboratory results, the patient had a high serum creatinine level and the patient's Hb, erythrocyte count, hematocrit, MCH, MCHC examination results were in the low category. The results of the patient's physical and clinical examination were weak and the patient's blood pressure was high. Nutritional diagnoses that can be made include inadequate oral intake, decreased protein and sodium requirements, and changes in laboratory values ​​related to nutrition. The type of diet given is a low protein and low salt diet. The results of monitoring and evaluating the patient's food intake increased to ≥80% on the second day, the patient's nutritional status was good, there were no laboratory developments because the patient did not have another laboratory examination, and the patient's physical and clinical condition was good and the patient's blood pressure was normal. Conclusion: After intervention for 2 days, the results of monitoring and evaluating the patient's food intake increased on the second day, reaching ≥80% for energy, protein and fat. Then, for anthropometric monitoring and evaluation, the patient has good nutritional status. Then, monitoring and evaluating laboratory data could not be carried out because the patient did not undergo another laboratory examination. Furthermore, the results of monitoring and evaluating the patient's physical and clinical condition were good and the patient's blood pressure was normal.