Local Government Improvement and Development

Abundant evidence exists for deep crustal penetration of meteoric fluids along faults, including emergence of hot, dilute, and isotopically light geothermal fluids in extensional settings; however, the nature of the fluid conduits supporting this rapid circulation from surface to the brittle‐ductile transition and back remains mysterious. Metamorphic core complexes (MCCs) are the sites of rapid exhumation of rocks from that depth, and their associated detachment faults are known loci of fluid migration. This study utilizes spot infrared (IR) spectroscopy of drill core and outcrop to unravel the fluid history of the late‐Neogene Silver Peak‐Lone Mountain MCC and detachment fault (SPLMDF) in SW Nevada. That history begins with Mesozoic regional burial metamorphism of Paleozoic sediments, minor late Mesozoic contact metamorphism by silicic intrusives, followed by upwelling of hot metamorphic fluids after detachment initiation (11 MYA), later circulation of moderate‐temperature meteoric‐geothermal fluids, and young (< 5 MYA) hot epithermal fluids upwelling along detachment‐cutting normal faults. Each of these stages is characterized by distinct changes in sheet silicate mineral crystallinity and hydration. These are conveniently summarized by maturity indicators based on IR absorption peak ratios, for example, illite spectral maturity (ISM). Burial metamorphism up to greenschist facies is indicated by steadily increasing ISM versus depth in core from a detachment‐penetrating geothermal exploration borehole. A sharp decrease in ISM characterizes the detachment damage zone, accompanied by reappearance of smectite, zeolite, and abundant iron oxides, indicating much cooler alteration by meteoric‐origin fluids. Low‐ISM zones are concentrated in the damage zone ± 10 m from the fault, resulting from an accumulation of very narrow alteration bands (10–50 cm wide). About 1/3 of the SPLMDF fault trace exhibits this low‐temperature circulation. Another third of the trace is overprinted by postdetachment epithermal alteration with extreme ISM, often in zones extending along the detachment near cross‐cutting normal faults.

A wool-like copper electrode used to produce non-thermal plasma functioned as an efficient catalyst for ammonia production from N2 and H2 under atmospheric pressure without heating. The catalytic activity increased as the experiments were repeated. The yield of ammonia at H2/N2 = 3 was 3.5%. The intensity of the emission spectra of N2*(C-B) bands was correlated with the ammonia synthesis rate.

Hydrogen-bonded photomobile liquid-crystalline polymer fibers with chemically modified single-walled carbon nanotubes were prepared and their photomobile properties were investigated.

By using the depth selective imaging method, we studied the UV induced change in a photomobile liquid crystalline polymer film. With 1 μm depth resolution, each slice inside the film was selectively observed. A network-like structure mixed with the ordered and disordered regions of molecules in the middle of the film, and a rubbed polymer layer at the bottom of the film were observed. In each slice of the film, the phase change induced by UV light was observed strongly dependent on the director direction, which indicates the ordering change of the liquid crystalline molecules in the director direction. It took several tens of seconds for the ordering change caused by the collaborative interaction between the molecules. Furthermore, it was suggested that the UV induced change travelled from the bottom layer to the middle layer on the micron order.

It is advocated here that integrating abstraction and modularity into the concept of point of view, and extending the view concept to the process itself (and not only to data used by processes), provides an uniform conceptual framework for aspects like agent point of view, quality models and process monitoring.KeywordsReal ProcessProcess InstanceInternal FormalismProcess InterfaceExecution ContextThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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