London Borough of Camden

Social deprivation and cardiovascular disease occur in overlapping cohorts of patients. Ameliorating the burden of social deprivation may improve both adherence to treatment for cardiovascular disorders and outcomes, but this hypothesis has yet to be proven. The aim of this work is to develop a screening pathway to identify and then provide targeted intervention for patients with concurrent social deprivation and cardiovascular disease at a specialist care public hospital in London, United Kingdom. The primary outcome of this work is to create a social prescribing pathway. A 3- phase approach was taken. The first phase assessed the level of deprivation in a cohort of patients using a digital screening tool. The second phase assessed the feasibility of introducing a digital screening tool with limited support, while also assessing the validity of the tool itself. The third phase built on learning from phase I and II to co-produce a pathway to accurately screen patients and address common needs, and evaluate the effectiveness and impact of social intervention in this group. In phase I, we screened 360 patients on a digital pathway using a screening tool. The questionnaire was circulated to 360 patients of whom 168 (46%) responded. We found that 61/168 (36%) “always”, “often” or “sometimes” had difficulty making ends meet. We used this phase to evaluate the baseline level of deprivation in a population of cardiovascular patients in our area. In phase II, screening was deployed in the setting of a cardiology clinic where adoption of the digital tool was not supported with face-to-face onboarding, the level of digital exclusion became more relevant. Evaluation of the process revealed only 69/150 (46%) patients were able to register for the digital service, but fewer 38/150 (25%) responded to the screening questionnaire. Amongst that group, 16/38 (42%) flagged for a self-reported level of deprivation, the majority of which related to financial instability. No attempt was made to improve uptake of the digital tool in the first and second phases, as the goal of the early work was to determine its effectiveness as a non-supported tool. The final phase of this work, where a patient focus group was provided with this data and asked for feedback, provided a process evaluation of the methods used in the first few phases. We present learning from phased introduction of a screening questionnaire for deprivation in a specialist care hospital. Digital tools exclude some patients so future pathways must employ a multimodality approach to improve engagement. Patients with lived experience reinforced the value of identifying these issues and encouraged sensitivity to barriers to access. Management of expectations is important when providing a new service.

This paper looks at the extent to which the Government is responsible both directly, as an employer, and indirectly, through the Wages Council sector, for the employment of a very large number of workers on poverty wages. The first section examines the industrial distribution of low paid workers. This is followed by a short analysis of low pay in the public sector. The main body of the paper looks at a less well-known area of Government responsibility, namely the Wages Council sector. The conclusion is devoted to a number of policy recommendations.

Smooth social interactions rely on children's abilities to decode others' social signals, which includes what an individual may say or do, and their facial emotional expressions. Failure can lead to exclusion from social groups. Consequently, a number of social and emotional learning (SEL) training programmes have been developed, with some evidence of positive impacts on those skills themselves and on academic achievement. Here, we present and evaluate the efficacy of a novel classroom-based computerized learning activity, called SEE+ (Socio-emotional engagement through observation), in supporting and enhancing 7- to 10-year-olds' emotion recognition and theory of mind judgements through observation and inference. SEE+ involved observing four virtual characters interacting within social scenarios and inferring their mental states. Participants were recruited from across diverse school settings (rural, urban) in England as part of a large-scale randomised controlled trial (n = 5585; 7.3-11.0 years old, M age = 9.1, SD = 1.0) resulting in a mix of socio-economic and ethnic backgrounds. Mixed model ANOVAs were used to compare performance on socio-emotional tasks between the SEE+ group, an active control group and a teaching-as-usual control group. SEE + was associated with the equivalent of 4-6 months improvement in performance on the socio-emotional assessment tasks. Children showed near transfer effects of the intervention (i.e., when characters present in the computerized learning activity were used in the assessment), while no strong evidence of far transfer effects (i.e., when photographs of unknown children were used in the assessment) was found. Limitations were the use of pen-and-paper assessments with a reduced number of trials, and a possible ceiling effect in the older children in the photograph condition. Our findings point to the relative plasticity of younger children's socio-emotional cognition and underscore SEE+ as an easy-to-use cost-effective socio-emotional resource for teachers to embed SEL in the school curriculum.

Stehle, Maria. Plants, Places, and Power: Toward Social and Ecological Justice in German Literature and Film was published in Utopie – Dystopie – Klimaromane / Utopia – Dystopia – Climate Fiction on page 351.

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Our networks, PCs, tablets, mobile phones, and other devices are exposed to security risks and attacks executed by cybercriminals on daily bases. The detection and prevention of cyber threats are done by IDS/IPS systems but they are not flexible enough when it comes to using threat models. The threat intelligence frameworks on the other hand typically require significant computational power. All these requirements can be fulfilled by contemporary cloud technologies, but in many cases, public clouds are not acceptable due to privacy, security, and efficiency concerns. This article presents an implementation of a framework for security analytics in the area of detection of unauthorized intrusions using the technology of the private cloud. It has many of the advantages of the big public clouds but fundamentally differs from them when it comes to data management, operation interoperability, and costs. It is suitable for small and medium data centers and large companies, which prefer to keep the data on their premises or to isolate the operations within managed servers on their private clouds hosted by public data centers.

Gambling-related harms are increasingly recognised as public health concerns internationally. One response is to improve identification of and support for those affected by gambling-related harms, including individuals who gamble and those close to them, 'affected others'. Adult social care services have been identified as a setting in which screening for gambling-related harms is suitable and desirable. To achieve this, a tool is required which can identify gambling-related harms experienced by individuals and affected others. This scoping review aimed to identify whether any brief (i.e. three questions or less) screening tools are being used and, if so, how brief screening for gambling-related harm is being implemented in health and social care-related contexts. An international English language scoping review of research and grey literature was undertaken between April and July 2021. The search included single-item and brief screening tools which have been developed to identify gambling-related harms for individuals and affected others across a range of health and social care-related contexts. Findings show that screening tools for gambling-related harms have been developed for use in health settings rather than in social care contexts. For example within gambling, mental health or substance misuse support services. We found no evidence of a brief or single-item screening tool for identifying harms to individuals and affected others which is of adequate quality to strongly recommend for use in an adult social care setting. Development of a validated brief or single-item screening tool is recommended to assist adult social care practitioners to effectively screen, identify, support and signpost people affected by gambling-related harms.

ObjectiveThis study investigated the barriers and facilitators that senior leaders’ experience when using knowledge generated from the analysis of administrative health or care records (‘analytics’) to inform strategic health and care decision-making.SettingOne London-based sustainability and transformation partnership (STP) in England, as it was on the cusp of forming an integrated care system (ICS).Participants20 senior leaders, including health and social care commissioners, public health leads and health providers. Participants were eligible for inclusion if they were a senior leader of a constituent organisation of the STP and involved in using analytics to make decisions for their own organisations or health and care systems.DesignSemi-structured interviews conducted between January 2020 and March 2020 and analysed using the framework method to generate common themes.ResultsOrganisational fragmentation hindered use of analytics by creating siloed data systems, barriers to data sharing and different organisational priorities. Where trusted and collaborative relationships existed between leaders and analysts, organisational barriers were circumvented and access to and support for analytics facilitated. Trusted and collaborative relationships between individual leaders of different organisations also aided cross-organisational priority setting, which was a key facilitator of strategic health and care decision-making and use of analytics. Data linked across health and care settings were viewed as an enabler of use of analytics for decision-making, while concerns around data quality often stopped analytics use as a part of decision-making, with participants relying more so on expert opinion or intuition.ConclusionsThe UK Governments’ 2021 White Paper set out aspirations for data to transform care. While necessary, policy changes to facilitate data sharing across organisations will be insufficient to realise this aim. Better integration of organisations with aligned priorities could support and sustain cross-organisational relationships between leaders and analysts, and leaders of different organisations, to facilitate use of analytics in decision-making.

Violence is a complex and multifaceted problem requiring a holistic and individualized response. The Good Lives Model (GLM) suggests violence occurs when an individual experiences internal and external obstacles in the pursuit of universal human needs (termed primary goods). With a twin focus, GLM-consistent interventions aim to promote attainment of primary goods, whilst simultaneously reducing risk of reoffending. This is achieved by improving an individuals’ internal (i.e., skills and abilities) and external capacities (i.e., opportunities, environments, and resources). This paper proposes that collaborations between different agencies (e.g., psychological services, criminal justice systems, social services, education, community organizations and healthcare) can support the attainment of primary goods through the provision of specialized skills and resources. Recommendations for ensuring interagency collaborations are effective are outlined, including embedding a project lead, regular interagency meetings and training, establishing information sharing procedures, and defining the role each agency plays in client care.