London Studio Centre

: Abstract Construction is a hazardous occupation, with 30 workers killed in work-related accidents in Great Britain in 2021/22. This is in comparison with the average number of 36 fatalities for 2017/18–2021/22. In addition, there were 59 000 non-fatal work-related injuries each year averaged over the three-year period 2019/20–2021/22. There were an estimated 78 000 work-related ill-health cases (new or long-standing), estimated as the annual average for 2019/20–2021/22. It is important to note that the ill-health cases are estimated as there could be many more cases which were not reported. Safety is everyone's responsibility, including clients, designers, contractors and general workers, and everyone must work towards reducing the human cost of our profession. Every construction project is unique, with a particular combination of clients, customers, end-users, contractors, subcontractors, processes, materials, hazards and risks. Maintaining safety is a primary focus of any site; there are legal obligations to be met by all directly involved in any project and all associated with it. Moreover, there is a moral and ethical obligation to ensure that no one is harmed by our site activities. It is the responsibility of all to identify risks, eliminate them where possible and to mitigate against the residual risk. Geotechnical engineering has its own specific hazards and risks. Safety on every project must be planned, managed, continuously monitored and improved by competent personnel as part of the 'way we work' every day. Responsibility for safety cannot be delegated.

Abstract BACKGROUND: The English schools-based human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme is routinely offered to all young people aged 12-13 years, to prevent cancers affecting the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, anus and oral cavity. Lower uptake among some population groups has been identified, in part, because of unmet information needs among young people. To address these unmet needs we report intervention planning and development processes to co-produce an educational package about the HPV vaccine.METHODS: We used co-production research methodologies and the ‘person-based approach’ involving the following iterative stages: (i) collating and analysing primary and secondary evidence, including HPV vaccine communication materials and interviews and workshops); (ii) developing guiding principles; (iii) undertaking a behavioural analysis informed by the Behaviour Change Wheel and the Behaviour Change Technique taxonomy; (iv) development of a preliminary logic model; (v) co-production of resources, and; (vi) refinement of resources informed by feedback from young people and key stakeholders. RESULTS: We co-produced EDUCATE, a theory-based educational package, that is designed to be delivered to young people prior to being offered the HPV vaccine to support uptake. Young people and key stakeholders identified the following key issues to include as content: (i) HPV-related information; (ii) how vaccines work; (iii) safety and side-effects of the HPV vaccine; (iii) eligibility for the HPV vaccination programme, and; (iv) preparation of young people to receive the HPV vaccine. A manual for professionals (e.g. immunisation nurses, school staff) delivering the intervention and a PowerPoint presentation, interspersed with five short films, were co-produced with young people and key stakeholders. Following feedback, the content of the EDUCATE package was refined to increase acceptability, engagement, and persuasiveness to the target users.CONCLUSION: Engagement with young people and key informants was integral to the development of our rigorously developed, theory-based intervention to address young people’s information needs about the HPV vaccination programme. The acceptability and persuasiveness of the package has been maximised by working closely with young people and key stakeholders to develop the content. Future studies to examine how the EDUCATE package is implemented in practice and the impact on uptake of the HPV vaccination programme are planned.TRIAL REGISTRATION: N/A

The orexin system is a key regulator of sleep and wakefulness. In a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, two-way crossover study, 161 primary insomnia patients received either the dual orexin receptor antagonist almorexant, at 400, 200, 100, or 50 mg in consecutive stages, or placebo on treatment nights at 1-week intervals. The primary end point was sleep efficiency (SE) measured by polysomnography; secondary end points were objective latency to persistent sleep (LPS), wake after sleep onset (WASO), safety, and tolerability. Dose-dependent almorexant effects were observed on SE, LPS, and WASO. SE improved significantly after almorexant 400 mg vs. placebo (mean treatment effect 14.4%; P < 0.001). LPS (–18 min (P = 0.02)) and WASO (–54 min (P < 0.001)) decreased significantly at 400 mg vs. placebo. Adverse-event incidence was dose-related. Almorexant consistently and dose-dependently improved sleep variables. The orexin system may offer a new treatment approach for primary insomnia.

XII. Two Liverpool surgeons. II. Edward Alanson, a pioneer in hospital sanitation Get access D'arcy Power D'arcy Power K.B.E., London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Surgery, Volume 24, Issue 95, January 1937, Pages 421–424, https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800249502 Published: 05 December 2005

The methods of measuring aerobic power in dance is reviewed. The underlying metabolic pathways used during dance class and performance are examined and, in conclusion, dance has been classified as an intermittent form of exercise. The relevancy of measuring maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 max) in relation to intermit-tent exercise is discussed with regard to other sports. Previous dance VO 2 max data is examined in relationship to other exercise forms and it is shown to be comparable to results in other non-endurance sports. The limitations of graded exercise tests with regards to extrapolating oxygen data from heart rates during dance has been highlighted as a flaw in a number of previous research studies and a limitation to be aware of in future re-search. Due to the infancy of dance science, the availability of valid and reliable laboratory and field tests are limited and, therefore, until further research is done, there needs to be a reliance on tests de-veloped in the health and sport environ-ments. Such tests should be graded, either in speed or gradient, with stages of at least 3 minutes and be weight-bearing. Even though no research to date has shown that dancers with improved VO 2 max perform better, the review suggests that both the aerobic and anaerobic systems need to be stressed to a greater extent than seen presently within dance class.

Mood and health reports from 65 administrative and clerical staff were obtained daily over a period of several weeks. Three mood factors emerged from the aggregated data which appear to be most suitably labelled: happiness, tense depression and hostile depression. Subjects high on hostile depression suffered more from colds. Subjects scoring highly on tense depressed mood reported more insomnia, head and neck aches. The results, especially in regard to hostile depression, are discussed in a wider context, including possible overlap with core affective aspects of the well-known Type A coronary risk construct. Finally, psychoimmunological interpretations of the link between hostile depression and vulnerability to colds are considered.

In this paper we describe the work of the Community Operational Research Unit with the Thurnscoe Tenants Housing Co-operative. We discuss the various stages through which this work has progressed, from the initial contacts with the Co-operative, through a period of acting as external consultants, to a continuing process of working as, essentially, internal consultants. A variety of the projects with which the Unit has been involved are outlined. These demonstrate the breadth and eclecticism of community operational research. No attempt is made to evaluate the involvement and contribution of the Community Operational Research Unit in a systematic way in this paper. This will be the subject of a subsequent paper.