Los Andes Peruvian University

En la presente investigación se buscó evaluar el impacto social de materiales reciclados en la sostenibilidad urbana de Iberoamérica a través de un diseño mixto secuencial exploratorio, el cual se integró con una revisión sistemática de la base de datos Scopus con un análisis cualitativo de ocho documentos oficiales de diversos países, en donde se encuentran Perú, Colombia, Brasil y España. Se analizaron un total de 847 publicaciones identificando un crecimiento anual del 39% entre 2020-2025, que fue liderado por Brasil (42%) y España (28%), aunque con un predominio técnico del 91% sobre estudios sociales que contó con 9%. De acuerdo al análisis documental se reveló que existe una cadena causal donde la formalización de Organizaciones de Recicladores transforma el estigma social en inclusión laboral, lo que genera incrementos de ingresos familiares entre 45% y 68%, con 3.2 empleos por tonelada de reciclaje. Ciudades como Bogotá (8.7% reciclaje), São Paulo (2%), Madrid (20%) y Lima (6%) evidenciaron contrastes que se explican por la madurez institucional con la que se realiza el proceso, más que por generación de residuos. Los resultados corroboran una brecha crítica en investigaciones sociales que limitan las políticas inclusivas, para recomendar la priorización de las OPR en licitaciones municipales y se requiere de replicar modelos metropolitanos adaptados al contexto latinoamericano a fin de optimizar una gestión de residuos que contribuya a reducir la pobreza estructural en los asentamientos urbanos iberoamericanos.

This study examines whether an integrated human-talent system—incorporating recruitment/selection, development, appraisal/feedback, recognition, supportive leadership, and role utilization—is associated with job performance in a public technical organization. Using a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional design, we surveyed 101 employees and constructed composite Likert indices for talent management and job performance. Reliability was acceptable (α = 0.850; α = 0.814). Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests indicated non-normal distributions (p < 0.001); thus, non-parametric procedures were used. Spearman’s correlation showed a moderate, positive association between overall talent management and job performance (ρ = 0.523, p < 0.001), with the “incorporate” process (competency-aligned recruitment/selection) displaying the strongest process-level link (ρ = 0.569, p < 0.001). Segment profiles (contract type, tenure, functional area, and gender) suggest unequal exposure to talent-supportive conditions within the workforce, which may help explain distributional differences in perceived performance. We discuss managerial implications for reducing intra-organizational disparities by ensuring fair access to development, feedback, and recognition systems. While the study does not directly measure well-being, the findings align with theoretical accounts that connect equitable access to talent resources with healthier work environments and better performance.

La formación por competencias se ha consolidado como un pilar estratégico en las políticas educativas a nivel mundial, buscando reducir la brecha entre la oferta académica y las necesidades reales del sector productivo. El articulo tiene como objetivo determinar la influencia del método por proyectos en el desarrollo de competencias profesionales de estudiantes de Mantenimiento de Maquinaria Pesada en el Instituto de Educación Superior Tecnológico Publico (IESTP) 9 de mayo de Concepción, Perú, durante el año 2025. El enfoque es cuantitativo con nivel explicativo y diseño preexperimental. La muestra no probabilística intencional compuesta por 32 estudiantes. Se utilizó una lista de cotejo validada. El análisis de datos se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Los resultados revelan una mejora estadísticamente significativa en la formación por competencias. En el post-test, el 53% de los estudiantes alcanzó el nivel de “logro”, en comparación con solo el 12% en el pre-test. Se concluye que el método por proyectos ejerce una influencia positiva y significativa en el desarrollo de competencias técnicas, procedimentales y actitudinales en los estudiantes de formación técnica.

Andean high-altitude ecosystems are critical to sustaining biodiversity, agriculture, and the livelihoods of indigenous populations. However, accelerating glacier retreat, irregular precipitation, and intensive water use have exacerbated ecosystem degradation and water insecurity. This study conducts a scoping review (PRISMA-ScR) of peer-reviewed and grey literature (2000–2025) to examine how water footprint (WF) management through its blue, green, and gray components can be operationalized within an Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) and Human Rights-Based Approach (HRBA) to ensure equitable access and ecological sustainability in the Andes. Quantitative synthesis from 72 sources shows that agricultural withdrawals account for over 78% of total blue-water use, while glacier-fed runoff has declined by 32% over the past two decades. Empirical evidence from Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia demonstrates that integrating indigenous irrigation systems with modern efficiency technologies reduces consumptive water use by up to 25% and enhances wetland biodiversity indices by 15–20%. These findings support the development of an Integrated Water-Biodiversity-Rights Framework (IWBRF) that links WF indicators (WFAM and ISO 14046) with ecosystem integrity and social equity metrics. The study advances theory by clarifying how WF indicators inform rather than replace IWRM and HRBA decision processes, offering a practical model for achieving water justice, biodiversity protection, and climate resilience in fragile Andean ecosystems.

ABSTRACT Wastewater generated from animal slaughtering is discharged into rivers without adequate treatment, causing diseases, as it is used for agricultural irrigation and as drinking water for animals. In this context, this research proposed two treatment steps to evaluate the reduction of the high bacterial load of Escherichia coli in slaughterhouse wastewater using titania nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) synthesized by chemical precipitation, evaluating the dose and contact time. TiO2-NPs, characterized by scanning electron microscopy, exhibited sizes from 16 to 100 nm in diameter, with vibrational bands of 429.01 cm−1 before and 420.25 cm−1 after photocatalytic treatment (O–Ti–O mode) according to Fourier transform infrared analysis and a BET surface area of 64.719 m2 g−1. The first stage consisted of pretreating wastewater with H2O2 and FeCl3, which contained 2.0 × 104 CFU mL−1 (5.35 McFarland) of E. coli, reducing the bacterial density by 28.22%. In the second stage, photocatalysis with TiO2-NPs was applied using UV lamps (253.80, 313.04, and 365.44 nm) on a synthetic matrix with a concentration of E. coli equivalent to that of the water after pretreatment (1.44 × 104 CFU mL−1 or 3.84 McFarland), achieving 97.31% removal using 1 g of TiO2-NPs in 25 mL of sample for 120 min.

This study investigates about the dependence of organizational climate and teaching performance at the initial level of the Sonko Sua Educational Network, La Oroya, in Peru, which led to analyze the factors that affect the development of the teachers in their work. This study employs a correlational design involving a survey of 28 teachers to analyze how organizational climate affects teaching performance. For the data collection, it was applied two instruments with validated questionnaires related to three dimensions for each variable: communication, motivation, participation for organizational climate; pedagogical skills, emotionality, interpersonal relationships for teacher performance. This study used the Chi-square statistic (χ<sup>2</sup> = 286.370, p < 0.05) and the SPSS statistical program for the data analysis. The findings indicate a significant correlation between organizational climate and teaching performance, also, most of the teachers show a positive response about the interpersonal relationships and participation, which contribute to a favorable environment in schools, achieving academic success, and promote team work. To conclude, there is a positive relationship between organizational climate and teaching performance at the initial level, which is one of the components to improve the educational quality.

Civil engineering today faces the challenge of responding to climate change, rapid urbanization, and the need to reduce environmental impacts. These factors drive the search for more sustainable approaches and the adoption of digital technologies. This article addresses three principal dimensions: advanced low-impact materials, resilient structural designs, and digital tools applied throughout the infrastructure life cycle. To this end, a systematic search was conducted considering studies published between 2020 and 2025, including both experimental and review works. The results show that materials such as geopolymers, biopolymers, natural fibers, and nanocomposites can significantly reduce the carbon footprint; however, they still face regulatory, cost, and adoption barriers. Likewise, modular, adaptable, and performance-based design proposals enhance infrastructure resilience against extreme climate events. Finally, digital tools such as Building Information Modeling, digital twins, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and 3D printing provide improvements in planning, construction, and maintenance, though with limitations related to interoperability, investment, and training. In conclusion, the integration of materials, design, and digitalization presents a promising pathway toward safer, more resilient, and sustainable infrastructure, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals and the concept of smart cities.

El agua es esencial para la vida, sustentando la salud, el ecosistema y el desarrollo humano. El propósito del presente artículo fue determinar la relación entre la contaminación del lago Chinchaycocha y el derecho fundamental a gozar de un ambiente equilibrado y adecuado en Ondores, Junín, Perú en 2018. Se utilizó un diseño no experimental, con un alcance correlacional y un enfoque cuantitativo de corte transversal, que evaluó a 268 pobladores, utilizando un cuestionario como instrumento. Los resultados muestran que la población percibe alta contaminación en el lago Chinchaycocha, con preocupación por la extinción de especies y la pérdida sociocultural, demostrando las mujeres y personas mayores mayor sensibilidad ambiental. Aunque el 41% reconoce el derecho a un ambiente adecuado, existen limitaciones en su cumplimiento. La correlación moderada (0.566) entre contaminación y vulneración del derecho ambiental resalta la necesidad de integrar la gestión ambiental con la protección jurídica de los derechos individuales y colectivos para salvaguardar el bienestar comunitario.

Climate change and other global drivers threaten the long-term sustainability of production systems in the Andean highlands. Impacts on forage production and weed competition have important implications for farmer livelihoods but have received only limited attention. This study examines the impact of key global change drivers on the performance of the common forage, Lolium multiflorum , grown in competition with two important weeds of the region ( Rumex acetosella or Pennisetum clandestinum ). Forage-weed mixtures were grown in field mesocosms at different elevations, as a proxy for climate (3520 and 3740 m a.s.l.) and under contrasting nutrient management strategies (manure vs. synthetic fertilizer) to reflect a trend of increasing fertilizer use in the region. The findings indicate that warming conditions negatively impacted L. multiflorum performance, while manure inputs increased overall biomass production by 27 % relative to synthetic fertilizer. Meanwhile the impacts of amendments on weed-crop competition were plant-specific. For instance, R. acetosella competed better with organic manure nutrients, whereas P. clandestinum performed better at warmer sites amended with synthetic fertilizer. Findings from this study suggest that climate warming may exacerbate weed pressures, threatening crop production and food security in Andean landscapes. Additionally, continued reliance on traditional nutrient management, instead of synthetic fertilizers, may help support forage productivity and resilience under changing climate conditions. • Organic management enhances forage biomass of the forage crop Lolium multiflorum. • L. multiflorum performs worse under warming conditions. • Pennisetum clandestinum competes better under warming conditions and with synthetic fertilizers. • Rumex acetosella competes better with organic (manure) management practices.

Introducción. Las contaminaciones de microplásticos (MP) y nanoplásticos (MNP) se caracterizan por su tamaño microscópico han sido detectadas en casi todos los ecosistemas del planeta Objetivo. Realizar la revisión sistemática sobre la evidencia científica actual correspondiente a los mecanismos de interacción y afectación de los MP y MNP sobre sistemas biológicos. Materiales y Métodos. Fue aplicado el método PRISMA. Resultados. La revisión y análisis de la literatura refiere evidencias epidemiológicas concernientes a la toxicidad de los MP y MNP. La literatura analizada expresa tendencias comparativas y de complementariedad, procedentes de líneas de investigación independientes, que de forma convergente ofrecen pruebas convincentes en relación con cuatro mecanismos paradigmáticos de toxicidad las MP y los MNP: Capacidad bioacumulativa, rol vectorial en el transporte de contaminantes ambientales, capacidad intrínseca como disruptores endocrinos y capacidad de traslocación. Conclusión. Las evidencias científicas dan cuenta de la presencia de MP y MNP en el entorno y de la capacidad de penetrar en el ser humano, superando la barrera hematoencefálica, o la placentaria, lo que suscita los temores por las alteraciones que puede provocar en el feto y, por ende, ante cualquier impacto transgeneracional. El efecto vectorial puede replicar el daño, dado que también puede transportar otros contaminantes a los órganos de pertinencia biológica. Su capacidad como disruptores endocrinos debe considerarse como posible factor de contribución en la emergencia de las disfunciones metabólicas a nivel global.