Louisiana-Pacific (Canada)

Objectives: To analyze the experience of family caregivers in the home care for people with pressure injuries (PI). Methods: Qualitative and descriptive research carried out with family members who received support from the home care service and who were the main informal caregivers of people with PI from stage 3 onwards. A sociodemographic questionnaire and semi-structured interview were applied with the following stimulus for narration: tell me about your experience in the home care to your family member with PI? Data were analyzed according to Bardin's content analysis. Results: Four categories emerged: 1) Performance of family members in PI care; 2) Support of the home care service to the family and patients with PI; 3) Overload of family caregivers; 4) Satisfaction in repaying the care received. Conclusion: This study showed the importance of support to home care service and the difficulties experienced by family members in caring for people with PI, including financial and physical overload; lack of preparation of the caregiver to deal with PI; family conflicts; and the centralization of care responsibility, predominantly performed by women. However, many see in care the opportunity to return the love received, despite all physical and mental fatigue.

Introduction: Lithium is one of the longest used drugs in psychiatry and is currently a mainstay in the long-term prophylaxis of bipolar disorder, preventing recurrent manic and depressive episodes. It also remains an important drug in the treatment of acute episodes of mania and depression. Out of the normothymic drugs, lithium has the greatest effect in preventing suicidal behavior. It also exhibits antiviral activity and in recent years evidence has also accumulated of the drug's neuroprotective properties. Aim of the study: The aim was to collect and analyze publications on the use of lithium in affective disorders, dementia and viral diseases, as well as its effect on reducing suicidal tendencies. Materials and Methods: The literature available in the PubMed database was reviewed, using the key words: "lithium"; "bipolar disorder"; "mania", "depression"; "suicidal risk", "side effects". Results: Chronic use of lithium in patients with bipolar disorder has an effect on preventing recurrence of manic and depressive episodes and can successfully last for 40 years or longer. Studies support the theory that long-term lithium pharmacotherapy has a significant impact on preventing suicidal tendencies among patients with affective disorders. In recent years, the antiviral and neuroprotective properties of the drug have also become known. Despite the rather high risk of overdose, as well as the occurrence of numerous side effects, lithium is still very often used in the treatment of affective disorders due to its high efficacy. Conclusions: Lithium has been one of the mainstays of psychopharmacology for several decades and is a precursor to mood-stabilizing drugs. In recent years evidence has also been collected for its potential use in non-psychiatric conditions. Conducting further research on lithium will certainly allow for wider use of the drug and a more thorough understanding of its mechanism of action.

The shape file contains the raw data from the Global Change Biology article "River types, hydrology, riparian land use, nutrients, toxic substances, ecological status, stressor interactions". <strong>General Information</strong> Name of the dataset: MultipleStress_RiverEcoStatus.shp Type of dataset: vector data (shape file) Number of polygons: 52.847 Geographic Coordinate System: GCS_WGS_1984 <strong>Contact details</strong> Metadata / scientific contact person: First, last name: Sebastian Birk Email: sebastian.birk@uni-due.de Institution: University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Aquatic Ecology Address: Universitätsstrasse 5 Postal code, city: 45141 Essen Country: Germany Web address: https://www.uni-due.de/aquatic_ecology/ <strong>Attribute description</strong> <strong>m_zhyd_1</strong> Unique identifier of FEC (Functional Elementary Catchment) Data structure: character <strong>mars_bt12</strong> Broad river type aggregated Data structure: character <strong>eco_stat_2</strong> Ecological status (class) Data structure: character <strong>eco_stat_n</strong> Ecological status (numeric class) Data structure: integer <strong>LoadTPArea</strong> Total phosphorous riverine loading (unit: kg km^-2 a^-1) Decimal separator: comma Data structure: double <strong>LoadTN_Are</strong> Total nitrogen riverine loading (unit: kg ha^-1 a^-1) Decimal separator: comma Data structure: double <strong>lu_r_urb</strong> Percent urban land use in the riparian zone Decimal separator: comma Data structure: double <strong>lu_r_agr</strong> Percent agricultural land use in the riparian zone Decimal separator: comma Data structure: double <strong>hy_maf_abs</strong> Alteration of mean annual flow (ratio scale) Decimal separator: comma Data structure: double <strong>hy_bfi_abs</strong> Alteration of base flow (ratio scale) Decimal separator: comma Data structure: double <strong>msPAFP5EC5</strong> Multi-substance Potentially Affected Fraction of species (msPAF-EC₅₀ based on 95^th percentile) Decimal separator: comma Data structure: double <strong>Further information</strong> For more details on the dataset, see (Manuscript accepted, wating for publication at the moment)<br> <strong>Acknowledgements</strong> This work was funded by the MARS project (Managing Aquatic ecosystems and water resources under multiple stress), funded by the European Union under the 7th Framework Programme, contract no. 603378.

Overt hypothyroidism is disease associated with accelerated arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Whether subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk is contraversial. As SH is a high prevalence thyroid dysfunction, specially in older women, it is important to evaluate cardiovascular risk factors in these patients and that was the aim of this study. We examined 30 patients with SH and 20 healthy controls. Subclinical hypothireoidism was defined as an elevated thyrotropin (TSH) (> 4.5 mU/L) and normal free thyroxine (FT4) level. In all the participants we determined body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, TSH, FT4, antibodies to thyroid peroxidase, antibodies to thyroglobulin, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglicerides, total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio and LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio. Mean BMI in patients with SH was significantly higher (p < 0.05), as well as diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.01) compared with the controls. Average levels of total cholesterol (5.40 +/- 0.62 vs 5.06 +/- 0.19 mmol/l, p < 0.01) and triglycerides (2.16 +/- 0.56 vs 1.89 +/- 0.24 mmol/l, p < 0.05) were also significantly higher in the group with SH. Individual analysis revealed that the percentage of patients with SH having borderline elevated total cholesterol (63.33%), hypertrigliceridemia (43.33%) and elevated total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio (26.67%) were significantly higher than the percentage in the controls. No significant correlation between TSH and lipid parameters was detected. Subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with higher BMI, diastolic hypertension, higher total cholesterol and triglicerides levels and higher total cholesterol/HDL cholesterols ratio. This might increase the risk of accelerated arteriosclerosis in patients with SH.

Abstract API/ISO TC67 SC5 Workgroup 2B is currently undertaking the modernisation of API Bulletin 5C3/ISO 10400 for casing and tubing performance property equations. This paper describes the test data and analysis methods being used to develop and evaluate proposed new collapse equations for quenched and tempered (Q&amp;T) pipe. As the work is still at committee stage, presentation of detailed results must await a future publication; however, sufficient detail is given to allow a full understanding of the various analysis techniques, as wellas the final results when they appear. Introduction Limitations of Existing Approach. The technical basis of the current Bulletin 5C31 was prepared in the early 1960s. Various limitations have been identified since its first publication, as follows.The collapse test data2 upon which the equations are based is now rather old, and pipe production practices have improved considerably in the intervening period. It is therefore likely that the equations do not accurately represent the performance of modern tubulars.The majority of the collapse tests were for short specimens (L/Do = 2), which are now known to overestimate the collapse strength of real pipe 3–6.The collapse strength equations result in a widely varying margin between the ultimate and design collapse strengths over the Do/t range for well tubulars7, and thus also in predicted failure probability (Pf)8,9.The mean value equations are relatively poor predictors of ultimate collapse strength compared to modern formulations, which have been shown to be much more accurate10.The same equations were used for both Q&amp;T and non- Q&amp;T pipe. However, recent work11,12 has shown that the two classes have different collapse behaviour, and therefore need individual strength equations.The collapse test specimens were manufactured using a wide range of production methods (e.g., seamless and ERW, cold and hot rotary straightening), and no attempt was made to determine the various effects on collapse strength. Subsequent work12 has demonstrated that both straightening and heat treatment have a significant effect on collapse strength, and thus should be included explicitly in any modern treatment.The present formulation for plastic collapse strength is implicitly based on the assumption that collapse strength is proportional to the specified minimum, rather than the actual, yield stress. This is acceptable as long as the ratio of actual to specified minimum yield stress is constant for all grades. However, analysis of production quality data10 has shown that this ratio varies considerably by grade, and thus that the current treatment can and should be improved.Finally, the present approach cannot accommodate non- API grades, such as high-collapse (HC) pipe. Choice of Calibration Method. For the reasons above, it was decided to proceed with the modernisation of Bulletin 5C3, and the task was allotted to API/ISO SC5 workgroup 2b in mid-1998.

A system is described which uses a real-time fast Fourier transform (FFT) spectrum analyzer to monitor radio interference near 408 MHzs occurring at a radio observatory. Direction of arrival, frequency, intensity, and time of occurrence are recorded under the control of a microcomputer. A sensitive receiver can be connected to any one of eight directional antennas to establish direction of arrival. The receiver output is digitized to 8 b, and analyzed by the FFT spectrum analyzer which has a real-time bandwidth of 0.5 MHz. A total bandwidth of 20 MHz is analyzed in segments of 0.4 MHz. The analyzer uses the modified periodogram method developed by P.D. Welch (IEEE Trans. Audio Electroacoust., vol.AU-15, p.70-3, June 1967), and a Kaiser-Bessel windowing function is applied to ensure low sidelobes. Dynamic range is 40 dB, and the interference monitor obtains high sensitivity to very weak interfering signals by time averaging. Several general design principles which arise out of certain constraints are elucidated. Some new results are presented concerning the detectability of small signals by FFT processors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

In this paper we present both a probabilistic and statistical analysis of several bin packing heuristics. With mild conditions on the distribution of problem data, we show that the ratio of the expected number of bins packed for these heuristics to the number of elements converges to some constant. This constant can either be derived analytically or estimated through simulation. We analyze the variance in performance of these heuristics, and we further show that as the number of elements, n, increases, the probability that the number of bins required for these heuristics exceeds any fixed percentage of their expected performance goes to zero.