M. Kh Dulati Taraz State University

In the context of accelerated digital and social transformation of modern society, the development of students' sustainable thinking becomes particularly relevant as a foundation for their readiness for life and professional activities in a rapidly changing world.This article examines the role of the education system in shaping sustainable thinking, which is oriented toward understanding the interconnections between social, economic, ecological, and technological processes.The key challenges of the digital era affecting the educational environment are analyzed, as well as pedagogical conditions and methods that contribute to the development of students' ability to make responsible decisions, critically analyze information, and demonstrate social responsibility.Special attention is paid to the integration of digital technologies, interdisciplinary approaches, and practice-oriented learning as factors in fostering sustainable thinking.A comparative analysis of the traditional educational model and learning oriented toward sustainable thinking is presented.It is concluded that the development of students' sustainable thinking is a strategic direction in the modernization of education in the context of global changes.

A fundamental skill for aspiring educational psychologists entering dynamic, complex job environments is professional mobility. This study created and assessed a twelve-session group consultation course aimed at enhancing career flexibility and preparing students for evolving professional demands. In two Kazakh institutions, entire courses of 150 undergraduate pedagogy and psychology students were randomized to either the intervention or the standard curriculum using a quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test approach. The Career Adapt-Abilities Scale, which measures concern, control, curiosity, and confidence, was used to gauge career adaptability. The results were contextualized using a motivation profile. Concern +7.29, Control +7.65, Curiosity +5.53, Confidence +4.90, and total adaptability +21.9 were among the significant gains (all p < 0.001) that the intervention produced compared to the control; post-test comparisons similarly favored the intervention.

В статье рассмотрено влияние динамики мировых цен на нефть на развитие нефтегазового сектора Казахстана и изменение структурных пропорций экономического роста в 2020-2024 гг. Проанализировано состояние нефтегазового и ненефтегазового секторов на основе официальных статистических данных, отражающих изменения валовой добавленной стоимости, индекса физического объема и долевых параметров в составе ВВП. Показано, что нефтегазовый сектор сохраняет значимую роль в экономике, однако выявлено устойчивое снижение его относительного вклада на фоне ускоренного роста ненефтегазового блока. Сопоставлены ключевые индикаторы отрасли с динамикой среднегодовой цены на нефть марки Brent. Определено, что реакция нефтегазового сектора обладает инерционностью и асимметрией, а чувствительность к внешним ценовым колебаниям постепенно изменяется. Установлено, что внутренняя структура экономики демонстрирует признаки адаптации, что выражается в изменении отраслевых пропорций и усилении роли несырьевых источников роста. На основе проведенного анализа сформулированы рекомендации, направленные на повышение устойчивости экономики Казахстана к нефтяным шокам, включающие меры макроэкономической стабилизации, усиление фискальных буферов и развитие инструментов диверсификации. Полученные результаты способны расширить аналитическую базу для дальнейших исследований и использования при разработке экономической политики. The article examines the impact of the dynamics of world oil prices on the development of the oil and gas sector in Kazakhstan and the change in the structural proportions of economic growth in 2020-2024. The state of the oil and gas and non-oil and gas sectors is analyzed on the basis of official statistical data reflecting changes in gross value added, volume index and share parameters in GDP. It is shown that the oil and gas sector retains a significant role in the economy, but a steady decrease in its relative contribution has been revealed against the background of accelerated growth of the non-oil and gas block. The key industry indicators are compared with the dynamics of the average annual price of Brent crude oil. It is determined that the reaction of the oil and gas sector has inertia and asymmetry, and sensitivity to external price fluctuations is gradually changing. It has been established that the internal structure of the economy shows signs of adaptation, which is reflected in a change in industry proportions and an increased role of non-resource sources of growth. Based on the analysis, recommendations have been formulated aimed at increasing the resilience of Kazakhstan's economy to oil shocks, including macroeconomic stabilization measures, strengthening fiscal buffers and developing diversification tools. The results obtained can expand the analytical base for further research and use in the development of economic policy.

Regional water systems face growing pressure from climate variability, water scarcity, and increasingly complex wastewater pollution. These challenges require governance models that integrate institutional coordination with effective technological solutions. This review is based on a structured analysis of peer-reviewed literature indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect, covering publications from approximately 2014 to 2025. The findings show that clearly defined institutional roles, basin-level coordination, stable financing mechanisms, and active stakeholder participation significantly improve governance outcomes. Technological advances such as membrane filtration, advanced oxidation processes, nature-based treatment systems, and digital monitoring platforms enhance treatment efficiency, resilience, and opportunities for resource recovery. Regions differ widely in their ability to adopt these solutions, mainly due to variations in governance coherence, investment capacity, and climate-adaptation readiness. The review highlights the need for policy frameworks that align institutional reforms with technological modernization, including the adoption of basin-based planning, digital decision-support systems, and circular water-economy principles. These measures provide actionable guidance for policymakers and regional authorities seeking to strengthen long-term water security and wastewater management performance.

This paper presents a new epidemiological modeling approach that adapts the working set (WS) concept from computer memory management to the dynamics of infectious diseases. Traditional compartmental models provide valuable insights but are limited in their ability to capture dynamic isolation and heterogeneous contact patterns. In contrast, the WS model conceptualizes a time-varying subset of agents actively participating in social interactions, allowing for dynamic adjustments to the rate of infection and the explicit identification of superspreaders. By incorporating isolation states for both susceptible and infected individuals, the model more realistically captures quarantine and targeted interventions. Including an incubation period reduces epidemic peaks by nearly 40% and delays them by more than three weeks, providing critical time for public health response. Within the WS model, moderate isolation reduces peak infection rates by more than three times compared to uncontrolled scenarios, while high isolation almost completely prevents large-scale spread. These results highlight the model's ability to estimate the intensity and timing of interventions with greater accuracy than traditional models. By integrating the time window parameter and computer resource management principles, the adapted WS model represents a robust and adaptable tool for analyzing epidemic dynamics. The results highlight its potential for advancing epidemic modeling and supporting real-time public health decision-making.

Abstract The present study developed a training program for prospective teachers in the context of early career orientation of primary school students and evaluated its effectiveness through a pedagogical practicum. To this end, a quasi‐experimental study with a cascading design was conducted in Kazakhstan, involving prospective teachers enrolled in training at the Kazakh National Pedagogical University. A total of 56 students majoring in ‘Primary School Teaching’ completed a 5‐week course focused on enhancing early career guidance for young pupils. The intervention extended to a test group of 238 primary school pupils from School No. 10, the Kyzyljar Secondary School, and the Myrzakyp Dulatov Lyceum in the city of Aktobe. The survey was based on Klimov's typology of occupational domains (‘human–nature’, ‘human–technology’, ‘human–human’, ‘human–symbolic system’ and ‘human–artistic image’). The findings demonstrated a positive impact on both pupils and student teachers. Interest among prospective teachers in acquiring and strengthening competencies related to early career orientation was positive in 86.13% of cases. They highlighted key challenges associated with introducing career guidance practices at an early age, including the lack of individualized approaches and insufficient attention to the topic within teacher training institutions. These concerns corroborated the global trends identified in the theoretical framework. As a result, primary school pupils exhibited greater consistency in their responses on the career orientation questionnaire, aligning with a single occupational type according to Klimov's framework ( p &lt; 0.05), compared with pre‐intervention measurements ( χ 2 = 5.36).

In this study, the oxidative upgrading of heavy oil residues using polymer-containing waste for the sustainable production of bitumen was investigated. Oxidation was performed at temperatures of 250–270 °C for 3–4 h with the addition of 2–3 wt.% polyethylene-based waste, under an air flow of 7 L/min. The physical and mechanical characterization of the resulting bitumen demonstrated compliance with oxidized modified bitumen grades OMB 100/130 and OMB 70/100. FTIR spectroscopy revealed the formation of carbonyl and sulfoxide functional groups, indicating the effective oxidative transformation of the bitumen matrix and partial incorporation of polyethylene fragments. NMR spectroscopy confirmed increased aromaticity and carbonyl content, while also detecting polyethylene-derived signals, suggesting compatibility and integration of the polymer waste into the oxidized structure. The thermal and rheological results showed that the optimal conditions for producing high-quality oxidized bitumen involved the use of 2% polymer waste at 270 °C for 4 h, yielding enhanced physical properties and chemical stability. These findings support the feasibility of using polymer-containing waste for bitumen upgrading, offering both environmental and technical advantages. The method not only improves the quality of bitumen but also contributes to waste valorization and circular economy practices in the road construction industry.

The article is devoted to the modeling and optimization of the control of the technological process for the production of orthophosphoric acid using the SIMATIC S7-1200 programmable logic controller from Siemens. The relevance of implementing intelligent control systems is substantiated in the context of increasing requirements for product quality, energy efficiency, and industrial safety. An analysis of traditional control systems has been conducted, revealing their main shortcomings—low control accuracy, high failure rates, and significant energy consumption. The paper describes the key stages of development: creation of control algorithms, selection and configuration of hardware components, programming in TIA Portal, and integration with the SCADA system. The modeling and testing results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed approach: increased operational stability, reduced energy consumption, and fewer equipment failures were observed. The prospects for further development are considered, including the implementation of IIoT technologies and intelligent data analysis.

The need to protect the environment has stimulated the development of numerous analytical techniques for detecting pollutants in natural ecosystems, including methods for determining nitrate concentrations in source water. In this context, the present study introduces an experimental approach for water quality assessment based on etched fiber Bragg gratings (e-FBG). Specifically, the method relies on monitoring the shift in the Bragg wavelength, which occurs as a result of variations in the refractive index of water caused by changes in its chemical composition. Moreover, we proposed a water quality monitoring strategy employing e-FBG sensors, which provides high sensitivity to fluctuations in the optical properties of the surrounding medium. The applicability of the proposed sensor is demonstrated through the detection of low concentrations of nitrates in aquatic environments. The e-FBG sensor exhibits several notable advantages. In particular, it offers high resolution for wavelength shift detection, a high optical signal-to-noise ratio of 40 dB, and a narrow bandwidth of 0.02 nm, which collectively enhance the accuracy and reliability of peak wavelength measurements. Furthermore, the sensor supports optical remote sensing, making it suitable for real-time environmental monitoring. Therefore, the experimental results strongly suggest that the proposed e-FBG sensor holds significant potential for pollutant detection in practical field applications.

The multicultural educational environment as a way to enrich individuals during the learning process, fosters an understanding of values and an engagement with national culture, language, history, traditions, and customs of both one's ownand other peoples.The value-based interpretation of history and culture, along with the native language and national idea, as well as a tolerant perception of representatives from other nations, are essential components of an individual's national self-consciousness. Thisunderstanding is also critical for ensuring state security and building national unity. At the heart of attaining these major goals is the professional development of future educators who will exemplify a positive level of national self-consciousness.In this context, contemporary educational trends necessitate the exploration of new resources for cultivating the national self-consciousness of future educators. Within the educational environment of a pedagogical university, we argue that the aim of such a strategy should be the integration of cross-cultural and competency-based approaches. The holistic pedagogical process in this research is considered within the framework of multiculturalism as a cross-cultural competency-oriented environment.This article analyzes the components of cross-cultural and competency-based approaches in the formation of the national self-consciousness of future educators and examines pathways for developing national self-consciousness as a professional competence. A cross-cultural competency-oriented environment creates the conditions for the development of national self-consciousness as aprofessional competence, alongside cross-cultural literacy, intercultural competence, and competencies in the field of multiculturalism.