MTI College

Control of a supersonic jet is critical for superior aircraft performance, such as reduced aeroacoustic noise, improved combustion, and enhanced stealth. The present study investigates the influence of plain and V-notch types of vortex generators, respectively, in controlling the axisymmetric supersonic jet. The quantitative and qualitative investigations are carried out using centerline and radial pressure measurements and Schlieren flow visualizations, respectively. These results demonstrate the superior efficacy of the V-notch over the plain one in reducing the supersonic length and promoting mixing across underexpansion, correct expansion, and overexpansion conditions. A maximum decrease of 85.60% in supersonic length has been observed in underexpanded conditions for the jet controlled with V-notch. The radial pressure plot for the uncontrolled jet and the jet controlled with plain and V-notch types of vortex generators confirms that for the V-notch type of vortex generators, flow distribution is more uniform and the jet spreading rate is much higher. The Schlieren flow visualization again revealed that the supersonic length reduction is greatest when a V-notch vortex generator is utilized. The mixing promoting mixed-size vortices, shed from the V-notch due to its unique varying shape, are responsible for its superior performance over the plain tab in controlling the supersonic jets.

Introduction: Mankind has experienced pain since the beginning of time.According to the definition of the international Association of pain, pain is an unpleasant mental and emotional experience, which is accompanied with tissue damage.One of the most severe pains known to human is labor pain, which is synonymous with parturition.During delivery, excessive pain leads to fear and anxiety.Materials & Methods: Quantitative approach was used with nonequivalent control group design.Study setting was selected Government Hospital, Indore.Population of this study was Primigravida mothers in first stage of labour with 5-6 cm cervical dilatation.15 primigravida mothers in each group fulfilling sample criteria with the use of purposive sampling technique.Results: The mean difference was1.85withSD of 1.45.The t value computed was 4.62 at df 38 at level of P<0.05.Hence, it is inferred that foot reflexology is effective in reducing labor pain perception.Conclusions: The t value computed was 4.62 at df 38 at level of P<0.05.Hence, it is inferred that foot reflexology is effective in reducing labor pain perception.