MVSystems (United States)

This study investigates the implementation of (dd) low-energy nuclear reactions (LENR) under the influence of an undamped weak thermal (temperature) wave on a remote TiD target. These waves are generated in the air during the cavitation of a water jet in a closed chamber. The research reveals that the rate of tritium fusion is approximately 108 times greater than the rate of helium fusion in these (dd) reactions.

The world population keeps growing and in several big countries the diets are changing since more people can afford to eat animal products. The result is that the worldwide demand for meat and animal products might increase by 40% in the next 15 years. A question is how to achieve highquality, sustainable and safe meat production that can meet this demand. At the same time, livestock production is currently facing serious problems, such as animal health in relation to food safety and human health. Europe wants improved animal welfare and has made a significant investment in it. At the same time, the negative environmental impact of the livestock sector is far from being solved. Finally, we must ask how the farmer, who is the central stakeholder in this process, will make a living from more sustainable livestock production. One tool that might provide real opportunities for practical implementation is Precision Livestock Farming (PLF). PLF systems aim to offer to the farmer a real time monitoring and managing system based on continuous monitoring of the animals by using modern technology. This is fundamentally different from all approaches that aim to offer a monitoring tool without improving the life of the individual animal under consideration on that moment in the process. The idea of PLF is to provide a real-time warning when something goes wrong so that immediate action can be taken by the farmer. Continuous, fully automated monitoring and improvement of animal health, welfare, yields and the environmental impact becomes a reality. The first objective of this paper is to show several examples of PLF systems that are operational today in about 60 compartments/barns for pigs, broilers and cows all over Europe. We give details of which variables these systems measure in real time in a fully automated way. Moreover, we show how in the running EU-PLF project (EU-PLF) the real time data analyses can generate added value for the farmer. PLF systems can replace the ears and the eyes of the farmer and work 24 h a day and 7 days a week. The second objective is to give ideas on how the farmer gets an advantage from these PLF systems as we start to see that within the EU-PLF project. Collaboration between so called ‘animal people’ (physiologists, veterinarians, ethologists, animal scientists, etc.) and ‘technical people’ (bio-engineers, software and hardware engineers, ICT people) is needed to make these systems to become successful support systems for farmers.

Abstract We report on an integrated photoelectrochemical (PEC) device for hydrogen production using amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC:H) material as the photoelectrode in conjunction with an amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) tandem photovoltaic device. With the use of a-Si:H tandem solar cell, the flat-band potential of the hybrid PEC structure shifts significantly below the H2O/O2 half-reaction potential and is in an appropriate position to facilitate water splitting. Under reverse bias, saturated photocurrent of the hybrid device ranges between 3 to 5 mA/cm2 under AM1.5 light intensity. In a two-electrode setup (with ruthenium oxide counter electrode), which is analogous to a real PEC configuration, the hybrid cell produces photocurrent of about 0.83 mA/cm2at zero bias and hydrogen production is observed. The hybrid device exhibits good durability in pH2 buffered electrolyte for up to 150 hours (so far tested).

Abstract We have studied the structural evolution in amorphous and microcrystalline silicon deposited from silane-argon mixture by radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) method. Sharp increase in small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) intensity, in accordance with tilt measurements, indicates columnar morphology in the sample deposited in the amorphous-microcrystalline transition region. The variation of SAXS measured heterogeneity and a gradual shift of Si-H stretching vibrational frequency at 2000 cm-1 towards higher wave number with increase of power density indicate structural modifications in the films. Observation of sharp increase in the ratio of the intensity of Ar* to SiH* in the transition region may explain the surface modification assisted by Ar* and hence the structural changes in the material.

The pulsed plasma CVD technique has been shown to increase the deposition rate without an increase in the particulate count in the plasma, which is an important factor in determining the yield of commercial products such as solar cell modules. In this paper, the authors report on the use of this technique in a small area deposition system, and show deposition rates of a-Si:H of up to 15 Angstroms/sec can be achieved using a modulation frequency in the range of 1-100 kHz. Simple solar cells of the p/i/n configuration, deposited using this technique, have shown initial efficiencies of 9% with intrinsic-layer deposition rates of up to 7 A/sec. The application of this technique to a large-area 30 cm/spl times/40 cm system is also discussed. In particular, they report a deposition rate of rate(>25%), and the performance of small area (0.25 cm/sup 2/) devices using this approach.