Maharaja Engineering College

Abstract The silk cotton tree is very beautiful. It is beautiful pink flowers are captivating. This plant is very useful. This plant is a sexual debility and rejuvenator, Shows anti-inflammatory activity, Antimicrobial activity, Antipyretic activity. There are many myths about this plant. It provides nectar to honey bees. Holi, the colour festival is also blooming time of B. ceiba tree and its flowers are used to prepare ecofriendly colour to play with. The importance of this plant has also been mentioned in Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita. It also has great ethnobotanical importance

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the leading causes of chronic pain, reduced mobility, and functional disability in aging populations. Periarticular corticosteroid injection is frequently used to achieve rapid symptom relief; however, its comparative effectiveness against other conservative, biological, and surgical treatment modalities remains unclear. Aims and Objectives: This study evaluates the short‑term and long‑term clinical outcomes of periarticular steroid injection in comparison with eight other commonly practiced interventions. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study included 144 KOA patients treated at a tertiary care hospital. Patients were categorized into nine groups (n=16 each): periarticular steroid injection, lifestyle modification, quadriceps strengthening, limb alignment correction, arthroscopic lavage, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), hyaluronic acid (HA), high tibial osteotomy (HTO), and proximal fibular osteotomy (PFO). Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores were recorded at baseline, post-intervention, and at 2‑year follow‑up. Statistical analysis included analysis of variance, the Chi‑square test, and correlation analysis. Results: Periarticular steroid injection demonstrated the highest immediate improvement in WOMAC scores (mean 5.0±0.75, P<0.05 vs. conservative groups). Long-term improvements were highest in the HTO, PFO, PRP, and HA groups (P>0.05 compared to steroids). Conservative measures showed significantly poorer outcomes. Complication rates were minimal and statistically insignificant across all groups. Conclusion: Periarticular steroid injection is highly effective for immediate relief in KOA. Long‑term improvement is greater with biologics (PRP, HA) and surgical realignment (HTO, PFO). Conservative measures yield lower overall benefit. All modalities were safe with low complication rates.

Craft serves as a strong foundation of human art and culture. Handicraft is an art form created by human hands, encompassing creativity, skill, and cultural consciousness. The more rich and advanced a country’s art is, the more its culture attracts global attention. Therefore, every country, region, division, and city possesses its own distinctive handicraft tradition. The present research paper focuses on the tradition of cow dung craft (Gobar Shilp) practiced in the city of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. Since ancient times, cow dung has been used for religious, cultural, and environmental purposes. Cow dung cakes are traditionally used for lighting the sacred fire in havan rituals, where ghee, sugar, rice, and other offerings are made. It is believed that this practice purifies the environment and increases the level of oxygen in the atmosphere. In contemporary times, artists have expanded the use of cow dung beyond its traditional religious functions and transformed it into an artistic medium. As a result, various decorative and ritual objects such as mandana designs, lamps, idols of Lord Ganesha and Lord Shiva–Parvati, cow dung plates, torans, Ram Darbar figures, garlands, small sacred fuel sticks for havan, and lamps are being created. These items are especially used during festivals like Diwali. In Bhopal, artists such as Suresh Rathore, Jitendra Rathore, Pushpa Rathore, Hukum Singh Patidar, and Neeta Deep Bajpai have been actively engaged in the field of cow dung craft for many years. Along with preserving and promoting this folk art, they have played a significant role in providing employment to women and empowering them economically. This research paper analyzes cow dung craft as a form of folk art, focusing on its relationship with folk culture, the role of artists, and its social significance.

Hazardous waste has emerged as a significant global issue due to its detrimental impact on human health and the environment. Biomedical laboratories frequently handle hazardous and infectious materials, which contributes to the increasing presence of harmful substances in the ecosystem. These wastes encompass solid, liquid, sharp, and pathological materials. Workers in healthcare, agriculture, and fisheries are especially at risk of exposure to hazardous biological substances. Although the Government of India has recently implemented stricter and more systematic measures in response to public concern about hazardous waste production and unsafe disposal, effective waste management practices are still lacking. To avoid the build-up of biohazards in the environment, waste produced from hazardous activities must be treated and disposed of through specialized methods. This review also aims to raise awareness among personnel in relevant sectors and promote the development and implementation of effective hazardous waste management and mitigation strategies.

The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a transformative force in modern agriculture, enabling precision farming, automation, and data-driven decision-making. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of global research on IoT applications in agriculture, tracing conceptual evolution, thematic trends, and collaborative networks from 1979 to 2025. Data retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science were analyzed using Biblioshiny (R-based Bibliometrix) and VOSviewer to evaluate publication patterns, country contributions, author productivity, and keyword co-occurrences. Results reveal exponential growth in IoT-agriculture research, particularly after 2016, reflecting the convergence of digital technologies and sustainability imperatives. India, China, and the United States emerge as leading contributors, collectively driving over 45% of global output, though international collaboration remains limited. Thematic mapping identifies “Internet of Things,” “machine learning,” “soil moisture,” “irrigation,” and “agricultural robotics” as motor themes propelling the field, while areas such as data governance, interoperability, and digital literacy remain underexplored. The factorial analysis highlights three dominant clusters AI-driven precision agriculture, blockchain-enabled security, and IoT-based automation illustrating the interdisciplinary nature of this research domain. By offering an integrated overview of scientific productivity, intellectual structure, and thematic evolution, this study contributes valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and agri-tech stakeholders to advance inclusive, secure, and sustainable IoT adoption in agriculture.

This case report describes the concurrent occurrence of rare renal vascular and pericalyceal variations and highlights their surgical significance. The renal vasculature and pelvis exhibit a wide spectrum of anatomical variations, many of which are clinically and surgically significant. Awareness of these deviations is of immense importance during retroperitoneal and renal surgeries and interventions. This report presents concurrent variations in both renal arteries and veins, as well as the renal pelvis, observed in a cadaver during routine dissection at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India. Standard retroperitoneal dissection techniques were employed to expose and examine the structures. Observations were based on direct anatomical inspection and morphometric measurements. Variations were noted in the arterial supply, where at least three arteries supplied the right kidney - two arising from the abdominal aorta and one from the right common iliac artery - while two supplied the left kidney, arising from the abdominal aorta. These findings highlighted a deviation from the usual pattern of a single renal artery on each side. Bilateral venous variations were also observed. The left renal vein (LRV) had three tributaries: two venous channels forming the anterior limb and one draining into the inferior vena cava (IVC) as the posterior limb of a circumaortic venous ring. On the right side, three separate venous tributaries arising at different levels from the right kidney entered the IVC, along with an additional independent renal vein from the inferior renal pole draining inferiorly into the IVC. Furthermore, a trifid renal pelvis was found on the right side, characterized by three well-defined infundibula that drained separate calyces, resulting in a trifid configuration. No such variations in the pelvis were noted on the left side. This rare concurrence of venous, arterial, and pelvic variations underscores the importance of meticulous preoperative vascular mapping and radiological evaluation to prevent iatrogenic complications during nephrectomy, renal transplantation, vein catheterization, or other renal and retroperitoneal surgeries.

Background: Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remains a serious threat in tropical regions, including Indonesia, with a significant increase in cases. Purpose: The spread of this disease is influenced by community cultural factors and behaviours related to environmental sanitation. Cultural differences between rural and urban communities affect dengue prevention efforts. Through the measurement of the House Index (HI) and Container Index (CI), the relationship between community behaviour and mosquito density can be determined. Methods: This study analysed the influence of community cultural factors on the movement and breeding behaviour of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Malang Regency. Using a quantitative analytical observational design (cross-sectional), the research was conducted in three subdistricts with the highest DHF cases: Dau, Kepanjen, and Singosari. Results: The results showed that family support for DHF prevention was generally positive but not significantly related to mosquito density (p = 0.796). Conversely, community leader support showed a significant effect (p = 0.044), as residents were more obedient to local leaders’ guidance. Community leaders play a crucial role in dengue control, while family involvement needs to be strengthened through education and active participation. Conclusion: Nurses are advised to empower families and collaborate with community leaders in implementing the 3M Plus movement and culturally based education to reduce mosquito density and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever cases.