Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) achieve state-of-the-art performance in image classification tasks, particularly in medical imaging. However, their limited interpretability and lack of formal statistical inference restrict their adoption in high-stakes clinical and regulatory settings. This study proposes a hybrid two-stage framework integrating CNN-derived embeddings with classical statistical regression models to produce interpretable prediction systems with valid confidence intervals. Using a publicly available chest X-ray dataset, deep features extracted from a fine-tuned ResNet architecture were incorporated into logistic and mixed-effects regression models. Bootstrap resampling and permutation testing were employed to quantify uncertainty and compare model performance. Results demonstrate that the hybrid framework maintains competitive predictive accuracy while enabling estimation of odds ratios, hypothesis testing, and calibrated probability outputs. This integration bridges modern deep learning with classical statistical methodology and provides a pathway toward transparent and trustworthy AI deployment

The global business paradigm has been greatly impacted by the emergence of digital marketing, which has supplanted traditional marketing. From a business-level viewpoint, the study provides a framework to describe how the change in digital marketing affects business performance in the 'new normal' setting. Additionally, it examines how technology skills function as a mediator in explaining company success. The cross-sectional study method was employed to collect data from 365 officials of SMEs in India. Following the application of the AMOS using SEM and the linear regression method through SPSS, it was found that online advertising, search engine marketing, and social media networking have a direct impact on business performance. Also, the outcomes indicate that technological capability is a mediator influencing the link between digital marketing and business performance. Finally, based on these findings, several interesting directions for further study as well as implications are proposed.

Tobacco smoke is a well-known environmental toxin with adverse systemic effects, including hematological disturbances.This study investigates the impact of tobacco smoke exposure and the role of vitamin E on key hematological parameters viz.Erythrocyte Sedimentation rate (ESR), Packed cell volume (PCV), Hemoglobin concentration (Hb conc.) and Red blood cell (RBC) counts in albino rats.The albino rats were divided into three sets (A, B and C) having ten (10) rats in each.Additionally, the study evaluates the potential ameliorative role of Vitamin E, a powerful antioxidant, in mitigating the hematological alterations induced by tobacco smoke.The outcome of present investigation shows that tobacco smoke significantly impairs hematological parameters, while Vitamin E supplementation exhibits protective impacts due to its anti-oxidative properties.

After the nationalisation of banks in 1969 the faith of the general public in indian banking system has became stronger. Due to cultural problems the farmers of the nation can't get lending from commercial banks in an easy way, even after nationalisation. A vital component of the nation's economic development is rural development. The people in rural area comprises of farmers, landless labourers, artisans, retail traders etc. out of 60% of the total population. The main demographic characteristics of rural areas are socioeconomic backwardness, unemployment, and underemployment. As people in the rural area were facing difficulties while procuring loan from commercial bank. As a result government of India to initiative to establish a bank which could provide loans on easy terms to the people of rural area, such kind of bank were known as Regional Rural Bank(RRB). These banks were formed under the Regional Rural Banks Act in 1976 as state-sponsored, regionally based, and rurally orientated organisations, with any one commercial bank serving as the sponsor bank. The indian government began recapitalising the RRBs along with a number of other policy reforms to give them operational independence for boosting their operations and profitability after the RRBs had financial challenges within 20 years. In order to make the functioning of the RRB more effective, The first phase of amalgamation was started in September 2005. After the amalgamation of Regional Rural Banks in India, there has been a rise in advancements in the priority sector. Further, there was a surge in deposit mobilisation from Rs. 64,195 crores in 2006 to Rs. 6,07,540 crores in 2023. RRBs can be made more effective and accessible to a wider audience with the aid of technology and amalgamation. The present study tries to analyse how amalgamation of RRB is contributing in making India a developed nation. For the purpose of research annual reports of NABARD and RBI is taken into consideration. Additionally, various other published sources will be used in this research paper. Keyword: Regional Rural Bank, Nationalization, Amalgamation, Rural Development, Agricultural Producers.

Background and Aims:Post-operative pain has always been neglected in children. It is only recently that the issue is being given the much-needed consideration. Even today, the literature is sparse for paediatric post-thoracotomy pain management modalities. In this era of ultrasound guided (USG) regional blocks, serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) and erector spinae plane block (ESPB) seem to offer promising results. We aimed to compare the ESPB with SAPB in patients undergoing open thoracotomy.Material and Methods:Sixty paediatric patients of age 5–14 years, scheduled to undergo open thoracotomies, were divided into two groups: Group S (SAPB) and group E (ESPB). Each group received 0.5 ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine under USG blocks. The primary outcome of the study was to compare the postoperative pain scores using the Wong–Baker Faces scale. The secondary outcomes were to compare cumulative fentanyl consumption, time to initiation of chest physiotherapy, and duration of hospital stays.Results:The Faces score was significantly lower in Group E compared to Group S at 8 h, 12 h, 16 h, 20 h, and 24 h (P < 0.05). The mean cumulative fentanyl requirement in Group S was higher than in Group E (P = 0.002). Time to initiate chest physiotherapy and duration of hospital stays were both significantly shorter in Group E (P < 0.05).Conclusions:ESPB is superior to SAPB in terms of providing better pain control and reduced opioid requirements in children post-thoracotomy.

This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of 609 publications on health initiatives and the Government of India using the Scopus database from 2003 to 2023. Findings indicate a significant upward trend in research, with a 50.24% annual growth rate. India and USA lead in global research output, with strong collaborations. Key journals and articles with high citation counts and H-index values were identified, with the Indian Journal of Medical Research being the most cited. Keyword analysis revealed four primary clusters: India, health programs, population groups, and communicable disease control. Recent research trends focus on “female,” “adult,” and “male” health, while “tuberculosis,” “adolescent health,” and “public health programs” and continue gaining prominence. Emerging topics include “middle-aged health” and “communicable disease control.” India’s health sector is transforming toward universal health coverage through policies like the National Health Policy 2017, aiming to increase public health expenditure to 2.5% of GDP by 2025. Key initiatives include expanding primary healthcare via Ayushman Arogya Mandirs, deploying Community Health Officers, and implementing digital health solutions under the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission. The AB-PMJAY scheme has significantly reduced healthcare costs for vulnerable populations, while CoWIN and investments in indigenous manufacturing demonstrate India’s commitment to healthcare innovation. Limitations include reliance on Scopus, excluding PubMed and Google Scholar, and potential analytical constraints due to near-synonyms and duplicate entries. Despite these, this study offers valuable insights into India’s health policy research, highlighting trends, collaborations, and emerging priorities. Future research should integrate multiple databases and advanced analytics to assess policy impact and regional disparities. This study serves as a foundational resource for understanding India’s evolving health policy landscape.

A cognitive bias arises when an individual’s decision-making is affected by inherent human inclinations or tendencies that are difficult to identify. Numerous studies indicate that more than 75% of our choices are shaped by these biases. This implies that nearly everyone is affected by them, although the degree of influence can differ from person to person. In India, the capital market dynamics are being increasingly influenced by retail investors. The quantum of dematerialized (demat) accounts has exceeded 185 million, with retail investors adding around 250,000 million each month. Although various researches show that approximately 80% of Indian investors possess a graduate degree, emphasizing the growing trend of advanced academic qualifications in the investment community. Indian investors, similar to investors around the world, display various cognitive biases that affect their financial choices, frequently resulting in less than ideal investment results. This research focuses on developing a reliable and credible scale for measuring the impact of four cognitive biases (automation bias, status quo bias, hindsight bias and confirmation bias) on the decisions pertaining to stock purchase by the retail investors of northern India. The authors have found that there is a non-availability of a consistent and valid scale to estimate the implication of the four cognitive biases mentioned above on the north Indian investors. An aggregate of 506 valid responses were collected from the investors by the authors and analyzed through an exploratory factor analysis using a principal component analysis and varimax rotation. The results were concluded as the emergence and development of a new scale for measuring the impact of cognitive biases that can be utilized by researchers intending to explore the field in future, targeting respondents from other parts of the world.

Tobacco use remains a major public health concern in India, contributing significantly to the burden of non-communicable diseases and premature mortality. Over the past two decades, national tobacco research has evolved in response to shifting regulatory frameworks, scientific developments, and increasing awareness of tobacco's health, social, and environmental implications. The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC), adopted in 2003, has played a catalytic role in aligning research efforts with global priorities. However, there is a need to map the growth and direction of this research to identify strengths, gaps, and emerging trends within the Indian context. A bibliometric analysis was conducted to evaluate tobacco-related research output affiliated with Indian institutions between 2003 and 2024. Data were retrieved from the SCOPUS database, limited to peer-reviewed journal articles and reviews published in English. Analytical tools included SCOPUS Analytics, Microsoft Excel, the Biblioshiny package in R, and VOS viewer software. These tools were used to extract and visualize trends in publication volume, subject categories, key authors, institutional collaborations, citation metrics, and thematic hotspots. Inclusion criteria were confined to Indian-affiliated institutions contributing to national and global discourse on tobacco research. Tobacco research in India showed a consistent upward trend post-2003, with notable surges corresponding to key public health developments. The majority of publications were concentrated in the domain of medicine, particularly focusing on cancer prevention and tobacco control interventions. Leading contributors included institutions such as the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), with significant collaborations observed with United States-based researchers. Despite increased output, research on the social and environmental consequences of tobacco use remained limited. Additionally, international collaboration was relatively low, and funding was primarily from Indian agencies, with minimal support from global or low-income country partnerships. Notably, recent studies employed advanced methodologies, such as machine learning and nanotechnology, and examined newer themes like the intersection of tobacco use and COVID-19-related respiratory risks. The findings indicate a maturing research ecosystem around tobacco in India, strongly anchored in biomedical science and policy interventions. However, the underrepresentation of interdisciplinary studies exploring socio-cultural and ecological dimensions suggests a critical gap. Moreover, the low levels of international collaboration and inadequate funding for low-income contexts highlight systemic limitations that could hinder progress. To advance tobacco research nationally and globally, enhanced collaboration across disciplines and geographies is essential. Incorporating emerging technologies and focusing on equity-driven research agendas will be pivotal in addressing the multifaceted impact of tobacco use.