Manchester College

This concluding paper addresses some important themes in Joan Lockwood O’Donovan's English Public Theology , not considered in other papers in this special issue, but which take us to the heart of her contribution to public theology. The focus is upon how an evangelical community may be emancipated, especially in its desires and affections, from what O’Donovan sees as the distorting, even enslaving effects of liberalism's preoccupation with juridical subjective rights. It proceeds by taking up O’Donovan's challenge that theologians should be more alert to the meaning of what is ‘public’. In this regard, it considers a striking feature of her account of evangelical public authority, which is her use of the term ‘command’, when applied to the beliefs, affections, understanding and behaviour of those commanded. The connection between the church's commands and those made by a wide variety of social institutions and influences is considered. The significance of the distinction between jurisdictional and evangelical commanding is also examined in order to develop an account of evangelical affective culture and its practical consequences. In particular, this practical focus includes consideration of Eric Gregory's invitation to remark on what difference O’Donovan's approach makes with respect to the discussion of Christian nationalism.

Indonesia, the world's third-largest producer of Robusta coffee, still needs to improve its reputation to compete with Arabica coffee, particularly in terms of price. This study reports an effort to characterize local Robusta coffee using a gas sensor array, followed by a statistical analysis that distinguishes several types of Robusta coffee. Dry-processed coffee beans from four coffee-producing locations in Jember Regency were roasted at a medium level and ground at three levels. Coffee fume samples were produced by brewing the coffee powder with boiling water in a chamber. The sensor arrays, used as an e-nose for coffee discrimination, consisted of five gas sensors exposed to the fumes of coffee samples. The recorded sensor's response was normalized and analyzed using PCA and ANN by a lab-made software. The results have shown that using the e-nose as an alternative method for controlling coffee quality is very promising, as differences in aroma can be identified quickly and easily. The ANN's predictive ability was good, though a small proportion of unknown coffees could not be correctly predicted. Predictions on 48 unknown-coffees were found to be 100 % accurate from three locations, while for unknown-coffees from another location, only 42 % were correctly predicted. It also opens the opportunity to introduce some local Robusta coffees based on their area of origin, which have distinctive characteristics, using the e-nose as the initial discriminator before proceeding with the certification process in accordance with the specialty coffee standardization.

Pain in pediatric-onset spinal cord injury (SCI) has an unknown prevalence and genetic basis. Cold hyperesthesia is also a key sensory sign in adults with SCI pain. This hypothesis-driven observational and genetic-phenotype study assessed transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) gene single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) clusters rs920829, rs11988795, and rs13255063 as factors associated with pediatric-onset SCI pain. Sixty-six individuals (12.5 ± 0.1 years; 51.5% women) with pediatric-onset SCI (5.2 ± 0.1 years) were evaluated with the International SCI Pain Data Set, Child Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale, Pain-Catastrophizing Questionnaire, dynamic quantitative sensory testing, and the home-based cold pressor test. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified by melting analysis of DNA amplification with real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction. Spinal cord injury pain prevalence, as a cohort percentage, was 50.0% (n = 33), with both nociceptive (n = 25, 37.9%) and probable neuropathic pain (NP, n = 13, 19.7%) present. Case-control analysis revealed that the rs11988795 AG genotype was associated with increased likelihood of any pain (odds ratio [OR] 2.83, 1.02-7.91, P = 0.047), nociceptive pain (OR 3.39, 1.13-10.19, P = 0.029), and NP (OR 5.33, 1.09-25.98, P = 0.038). Both decreased (OR 0.24, 0.08-0.79, P = 0.018) and increased likelihood (OR 3.85, 1.23-12.10, P = 0.021) of musculoskeletal pain were associated with the rs11988795 GG/AG genotype, respectively. Candidate TRPA1 SNPs are also associated with cold hyperesthesia, cold pain, catastrophizing, and anxiety. Both nociceptive and NP pain were present in the cohort, with the TRPA1 rs11988795 and rs13255063 SNPs significantly associated with the likelihood of SCI pain. Further validation of TRPA1 SNPs in a larger pediatric-onset SCI cohort may advance our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, improve prognosis, and reveal potential targets for future therapeutic exploration.

Relative age effects in soccer are typified by an overrepresentation of players born earlier in the selection year. Examinations of relative age effects remain limited in female players and developing soccer nations. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of sex, age, nation, playing position, and playing status in international level soccer players under Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football (Concacaf). The sample consisted of a total of 1,959 active soccer players from 24 soccer nations that competed in recent Concacaf Championships. Results indicated an evident relative age effect in male [p < 0.05] but not female [p = 0.81] players. Male players were over‐represented by players born in the first quartile for the U17 [p < 0.01] level, however, this over‐representation did not transfer to the U20 or senior levels. No relative age effects were observed at any level for female players. A large proportion of nations demonstrated relative age effects in male, but not female samples. Relative age effects were shown for players participating at age group level, but not those ‘playing-up’. Results from this study highlight the continued disparity in relative age effects prevalence between male and female players raises further questions regarding the value of selecting relatively older players to metrics of success, transition, and selection for senior international soccer. This information can be used to advance talent identification and development in Concacaf nations.

The Catalogue of Manuscripts Relating to Voltaire/Catalogue des manuscrits relatifs à Voltaire (CMV) pushes the boundaries of what can be achieved in a manuscript catalogue, both in terms of the granular entries it provides and the digital architecture underpinning the resource. As an open-access, online catalogue, CMV features entries for manuscripts held in diverse global collections, uniting these in a single place for the first time. Producing a data model to accommodate these diverse manuscripts in a way that is dynamic and accessible has presented some challenges, for which custom solutions have been built. This project report discusses the construction of the catalogue, providing an overview of its digital architecture, and exploring how and why CMV represents a positive step forward in digital cataloguing.

Whiplash injury (WHI) is characterised by a forced neck flexion/extension, which frequently occurs after motor vehicle collisions. Previous studies characterising differences in brain metabolite concentrations and correlations with neuropathic pain (NP) components with chronic whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) have been demonstrated in affective pain-processing areas such as the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). However, the detection of a difference in metabolite concentrations within these cortical areas with chronic WAD pain has been elusive. In this study, single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), following the latest MRSinMRS consensus group guidelines, was performed in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and occipital cortex (OCC) to quantify differences in metabolite concentrations in individuals with chronic WAD with or without neuropathic pain (NP) components. Healthy individuals (n = 29) and participants with chronic WAD (n = 29) were screened with the Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questionnaire (DN4) and divided into groups without (WAD-noNP, n = 15) or with NP components (WAD-NP, n = 14). Metabolites were quantified with LCModel following a single session in a 3 T MRI scanner within the ACC, DLPFC, and OCC. Participants with WAD-NP presented moderate pain intensity and interference compared with the WAD-noNP group. Single-voxel MRS analysis demonstrated a higher glutamate concentration in the ACC and lower total choline (tCho) in the DLPFC in the WAD-NP versus WAD-noNP group, with no intergroup metabolite difference detected in the OCC. Best fit and stepwise multiple regression revealed that the normalised ACC glutamate/total creatine (tCr) (p = 0.01), DLPFC n-acetyl-aspartate (NAA)/tCr (p = 0.001), and DLPFC tCho/tCr levels (p = 0.02) predicted NP components in the WAD-NP group (ACC r 2 = 0.26, α = 0.81; DLPFC r 2 = 0.62, α = 0.98). The normalised Glu/tCr concentration was higher in the healthy than the WAD-noNP group within the ACC (p < 0.05), but not in the DLPFC or OCC. Neither sex nor age affected key normalised metabolite concentrations related to WAD-NP components when compared to the WAD-noNP group. This study demonstrates that elevated glutamate concentrations within the ACC are related to chronic WAD-NP components, while higher NAA and lower tCho metabolite levels suggest a role for increased neuronal-glial signalling and cell membrane dysfunction in individuals with chronic WAD-NP components.