Mandela Institute for Development Studies

Abstract Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder, characterised by chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain, and the presence of multiple tender points as well as a host of associated symptomatology. Optimal management of patients with fibromyalgia requires a multidisciplinary approach, with a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions that are tailored to the patient's pain, dysfunction and associated features, including depression, sleep disorder and fatigue. Non-pharmacological lifestyle-based interventions to treat this disorder include exercise therapy, dietary modification, and psychosocial interventions. This review outlines these three forms of lifestyle intervention in patients with fibromyalgia.

Abstract Osteoporosis is defined as a systemic skeletal disease that is characterised by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures. Therefore, the diagnosis of osteoporosis is based on measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) using central (axial) dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and clinical evidence of a fragility fracture (history or radiological evidence). Osteoporosis is a major public health problem, affecting about 30% of postmenopausal women of Caucasian origin, and 70% of those aged 80 years. The risk factors for osteoporosis include lifestyle factors, genetic/ethnic factors, specific diseases causing secondary osteoporosis, ageing factors, qualitative factors, and drugs that are toxic to bone. In addition, there are specific additional risk factors for falls that need to be considered. It is well established that lifestyle factors, including physical activity, nutritional intervention, ps...

It is often lamented that South African cities are beset by interminable crises: segregation, inequality, fragmentation, violence, the Aids epidemic and so on. This lament is premised on the assumption that somehow urban challenges must be stabilised, brought under control through analytical or policy tools and then the ideals of urban integration and holism can come to pass. This paper challenges this conception of urban development policy and politics by recasting crisis as an opportunity (temporarily) to align and co-ordinate energies in order to undo the deeply engraved legacies of urban segregation and fragmentation. Concretely, the argument unfolds along three guideposts. In the first section, it is proposed that there are essentially three key conditions for addressing the structural crises of urban fragmentation: vibrant city politics in a radical democratic mode; a substantial 'epistemic community' in cities that generate imaginative ideas about alternative futures premised on a set of meta-objectives and concrete intervention strategies for the city; and, sufficient investment capital (private and public) to give economic support and expression to the implementation of concrete programmes and projects in line with the ideas generated by the epistemic community for alternatives. The second section of the paper elaborates prospective meta-objectives that epistemic communities can work with in order to advance more integrative urban development based on the framework of Ayyun Malik. The third section proposes some tangible interventions to construct socially and politically projects to build alternative futures in the context of Cape Town.

A traditional model of name authority control (the Name Authority Cooperative Program (NACO)) and the International Standard Author Number (ISAN), which was proposed in a previous article, are compared. This comparison is drawn in terms of the following criteria: input required during the standardisation of names; support for universal bibliographic control; promotion of collaboration between libraries and information services with regard to resource sharing and shared cataloguing; support for quality interaction between the user and information; saving of costs and time; and finally, the accommodation of future changes. Based on these results, the more effective method of the two is proposed for the standardisation of names.

Abstract This paper describes the range of screw presses available to processors and lists technical features which have been brought to the authors’ attention. The range of equipment is discussed manufacturer by manufacturer, starting with the smallest available equipment and progressing to the largest. The manufacturer's rated capacity is used as the measure of size. As most manufacturers prepare their information in a variety of ways, this paper, in an attempt to compare machines on a uniform basis, has based all throughputs on 2,000 lb/ton, with meats from “whole cottonseed” (with an assumed hull content of 8–10%) at 24 hr/day. For this reason, the figures given in this paper will not always agree with figures published by manufactures. Throughputs on other material should be discussed with the equipment manufacturers, who generally have available data on most commercially processed oil‐bearing seeds.