Manhattan Scientifics (United States)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Nature-based methods for shoreline erosion control, often referred to as living shorelines, can help maximize local ecosystem services in urban areas where they may otherwise be lost. Living shorelines that incorporate salt marshes and oyster reefs have been shown to improve water quality by removing excess nutrients and protecting coasts from storm surges, but adaptive and continual management is essential. Positive and negative species interactions may influence the success of these shoreline projects. Here we synthesize the results of a multi-year study of the Sherman Creek Living Shoreline in New York City, NY. We conducted studies of shoreline habitat types pre- (2019) and post-restoration (2020), following a mussel-addition experiment (2021), and following the implementation of enhanced goose-exclusion techniques (2023). In each year, we collected sediment cores from shoreline habitat types (mudflat, rip-rap, existing marsh, new marsh) and performed continuous-flow incubations to quantify dissolved gas and nutrient fluxes, with the goal of comparing rates of nitrogen removal among habitat types. We also assessed above-and below-ground biomass and sediment characteristics of each habitat. Though sediment organic content in the existing marsh was more than double that of any other habitat type, we found similar rates of nitrogen removal via denitrification in the existing and newly restored marsh. Adding mussels to the marsh plants increased rates of nitrogen removal by 50%. Post goose-exclusion, we saw plant growth like that of the existing marsh, showing that managing species interactions can have a positive effect on the benefits provided by living shorelines.

Introduction: Lower blepharoplasty has classically been treated with transconjunctival and subciliary approaches. In the subciliary approach, we have compared two methods: biplanar flaps versus a composite flap, with the goal of improved short-term recovery. This video shows the composite flap technique, which has a 3–4 millimeter separation of the skin from the orbicularis oculi muscle inferiorly, while the biplanar flap technique denotes 9–12 millimeters of separation.

AimTo determine short‐term efficacy and safety of Paxerol®, novel immediate:sustained (50%:50%) release tablets containing 325 mg acetaminophen and 150 mg ibuprofen per tablet.MethodsOne of three dose levels, corresponding to the amounts in 1, 2, and 3 tablets, of Paxerol and placebo were administered for 14 consecutive days to patients with severe nocturia (defined in this study as an average nocturnal voids [NV] ≥2.5) associated with overactive bladder (OAB). Changes in NV, as well as Nocturia Quality of Life (NQOL), duration of first uninterrupted sleep (DFUS), and total hours of nightly sleep (THNS) associated with treatment were assessed. Short‐term safety/tolerability was assessed throughout the study and for at least 30 days post‐treatment.ResultsPaxerol at all three doses reduced NV to a greater degree than placebo (average NV −1.1, −1.4, −1.3 voids for low, mid, and high doses, respectively, vs −0.3 void for placebo). NQOL and THNS were similar between baseline and treatment values in all four groups. There were also no between‐group differences. Paxerol at high dose tended to (although not statistical significantly) increase DFUS to a greater degree than placebo (1.2 vs 0.4 h, P = 0.057). There were no treatment related adverse events in any of the four groups.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates short‐term efficacy and short‐term safety of Paxerol in patients with severe nocturia associated with OAB. The results warrant further investigation of the long‐term efficacy and safety of Paxerol in larger patient populations.

Little is known about classical Christian schools and their leaders in the United States. This study describes the headmasters of such schools and their sense of job satisfaction, job efficacy, and career aspirations. Numerous significant relationships among the variables were found, including between job satisfaction and a headmaster's relationships with the board, faculty, and parents. A regression analysis indicated that 45% of the variance in their sense of job satisfaction was predicted by transactional leadership qualities, relationships with the governing bodies, classical pedagogy, and career aspirations.

Six years have passed since the international workshop “Investigations and Applications of Severe Plastic Deformation” held 2-8 August 1999 in Moscow, Russia. This workshop focused on severe plastic deformation (SPD) processing to produce bulk nanostructured metals and alloys. Since 1999 the field has expanded from 200 to over 2000 publications that have addressed the microstructures and properties that can be produced by a growing number of SPD techniques. In view of this expansion, the outlook for ongoing development of severely deformed materials is updated. Special attention is given to factors influencing the manufacturing and commercialization of SPD-processed metals, including barriers to their widespread application. Recommendations are made for future SPD research that will facilitate more rapid commercialization of SPD-processed metals and enhance the competitiveness of SPD processing with respect to alternative technologies for producing bulk nanostructured metals.

In 1978 the first large-scale, behaviorally focused business simulation was completed and used to diagnosis and develop leadership skills. It was a fictitious company comprised of a series of realistic management situations permitting participants to perform individually and collectively within a corporate context. Based on observations of participants' performances, feedback was provided. Today, nine fictitious organizations are used by hundreds of companies as leadership practicums to accomplish learning objectives ranging from the development of communication skills to organization and from planning skills to strategic thinking skills. The similarities and differences among these fictitious organizations are described and guidance is provided for choosing among them based on learning objectives of various management development efforts.