Market Economy Institute

Subject. The article addresses economic relations between investors and other entities involved in the protection of transport infrastructure facilities. Objectives. The aim is to identify new threats to economic security from the implementation of derivative investment projects in the field of protection of transport infrastructure facilities. Methods. The research employs systems approach, logical and comparative analysis, induction and deduction. The information base of the study rests on open data from Rosavtodor, Rosmorrechflot, Roszheldor, Rosaviation, accounting statements provided by enterprises and organizations, and materials on the results of analytical surveys of transport security workers conducted by Finnauchprosvet Association, in which more than 1,000 people participated. Results. The existence of derivative investment projects in the field of protection of transport infrastructure facilities and vehicles from acts of unlawful interference is indirectly confirmed at facilities for protection of public roads, marine and river transport. Investments in human capital in the context of formation and implementation of derivative investment projects in areas where the share of human resources exceeds 90% are absolutely ineffective and carry the risks of multiplying negative consequences from the implementation of derivative investment projects. A potentially effective measure to deter threats to economic security from the implementation of derivative investment projects in the field of object protection is a significant increase in the cost of control by the State and business. Conclusions. The sphere of protection of transport infrastructure facilities is not ready to expand due to unresolved problems of formation and development of derivative investment projects. The expansion process will entail a serious increase in threats to economic security. Based on the findings, public policy measures can be developed to ensure transport security from the perspective of economic security threats.

Aim. To present to the scientific community a promising direction for the development and application of artificial intelligence in the main business processes of industrial enterprises.Methodology. When conducting the study, the following methods were used as the main methods: system analysis, deduction and modeling. These research methods make it possible to systematize the development and application of neural networks in the business processes of industrial enterprises.Results. The types of neural networks are considered; compared two mathematical models of the action of perceptrons according to Rosenblatt and Rumelhart; the differences between the neural network model and the neural network regression model are presented; identified risks and trends in the use of artificial neural networks in the business processes of industrial enterprises.Research implications. The development of theoretical aspects of the application of neural networks is a promising direction in the field of modernization of the main business processes of industrial enterprises.

This paper aims at determining the models of economic growth of Russia's regions in the age of intellectual machines from the positions of consequences of digitalisation in the form of technological breakthrough, stability, and sustainability. By the example of Russia's regions, we determine the models of regions' economic growth in the age of intellectual machines from the positions of opposition of technological breakthrough, stability, and sustainability. It is proved - based on the 2020 official statistics - that the leading and rapidly developing countries (rockets) implement a socio-oriented model, regions with large potential of development (racers) - externally-oriented model, and progressive regions with slow development (parachutists) - technology-oriented model. Contribution of the developed recommendations consists in systematisation of the models of region's economic growth in the age of intellectual machines and in the opportunity for application of the offered recommendations in the practice of Russia's regions.

The purpose of the study is to develop strategic priorities for the development of the business sector of Tajikistan based on the analysis of the structure of the economy of the republic and its dynamics, as well as the use of economic and mathematical modeling of the object under study. The article identifies the main obstacles to the development of the business sector, including: inefficient functioning of management institutions and the market; insufficient development of human capital; underdeveloped industrial and social infrastructure, as well as the legal framework governing the relations of the state, business, labor, etc. Based on the use of statistical methods of analysis, in particular the method of principal components, two important strategic vectors of development of the business sector aimed at economic diversification have been identified. The first direction involves the development of industry and construction with the participation of the state in the form of public-private partnership, increasing the production of import-substituting goods based on its own resources. The second direction should be the modernization of social and industrial infrastructure, including energy. The measures aimed at improving the business climate, overcoming regional and sectoral fragmentation of the economy of Tajikistan, ensuring its sustainable and balanced development are proposed. The results of the study can be used in the development of the state strategy for the development of entrepreneurship in the Republic of Tajikistan, as well as in the process of state regulation of spatial development.

The article examines modern problems of healthcare financing, their importance increasing in the context of new challenges associated with the current socio-economic and political situation, which makes doubtful the possibility of a significant increase in public funding. At the same time, healthcare costs should be considered as a health determinant, since their size has a positive effect on population life expectancy at birth. The article analyzes possible additional mechanisms that can be used to increase healthcare financing, examining their positive and negative aspects, including voluntary health insurance, sin taxes, co-payments for medical services. The author concludes that it is necessary to take into account both purely fiscal and social and ethical considerations when choosing health care financing mechanisms, as well as their influence on behavior of citizens.

Subject/topic. This article explores the features of green energy development, which is a crucial condition for achieving low-carbon economic development, thereby reducing the impact on the planet's climate system. Goals/Objectives. The aim of this research is to analyze changes in greenhouse gas emissions by countries and economic sectors, and to determine the trajectory of green energy development. Methodology. In the process of working on the article, various methods were employed, including analysis, synthesis, systematization, economic and logical analysis, content analysis, as well as comparisons and groupings. Results. Over the past few decades, there has been significant growth in the use of green energy in many countries. The expansion of green energy is closely linked to reduced costs for renewable energy, increased energy efficiency, ongoing technological progress, informed decision-making at the business level, global collaboration among countries, and effective national policies. To meet the growing energy demand in the near future while ensuring sustainable societal development, the application of hybrid energy supply models is necessary, with renewable energy sources as their foundation. Conclusions/Significance. Green energy will contribute to addressing Earth's environmental issues by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and will help avoid energy crises. The use of renewable energy sources requires a balanced assessment of resources, appropriate technologies, and systems that can support sustainable and low-carbon economic development.

In the article, the author analyzes the emerging transition of the country's oil industry to the mobilization type under the conditions of sanctions, examines the rapidly changing world market of oil and petroleum products. The subject of the study is the accelerated modernization of the oil industry, trends in the sale of Russian oil on the world market. The purpose of the article is to analyze the emerging anti–sanctions model of the development of the Russian oil industry and the export of oil and petroleum products on the basis of statistical data and an example of the development of vertically integrated oil companies, formulate recommendations to public administration bodies and business participants for the implementation of strategic plans of the state. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the article consists of statistical methods, methods of analysis and synthesis for considering the role of the state in the development of vertically integrated oil companies, import substitution of the oil industry, systemic and structural-functional approaches for formulating proposals for the development of the Russian oil industry and the sale of Russian oil on the world market. Results. The analysis of statistical data on the extraction (production) and export of oil and petroleum products, the possibilities of stimulating mechanisms of the state are presented, proposals for further development and improvement of the oil industry are formulated. Conclusions. The results of the analysis of the process of transition of the country's oil industry to the mobilization type in the current conditions of sanctions and the activities of the state and business revealed the forced termination of cooperation with most developed countries in terms of oil and petroleum products exports and imports of equipment and technologies for oil production and refining. The proposals formulated by the author on the development of the oil industry will help minimize losses in the oil and petroleum products market and maintain the efficiency of oil industry enterprises. Application. The results obtained can be used to analyze trends in the development of the oil industry and the world market of oil and petroleum products.

The purpose of this article is to develop a methodology that can be used for an objective assessment of financial results and to support managerial decision-making regarding the implementation of energy innovations. The methodology is developed using an interdisciplinary approach and is based on the fuzzy logic theory and method, which allows converting expert judgments and qualitative assessments into final quantitative indicators with some degree of confidence. The methodology includes five input variables that form a fuzzy set "progressivity versus regressivity of energy innovations". The article considers the main criteria based on which an energy innovation can be classified as technologically progressive or regressive. The article demonstrates the efficiency of the developed methodology drawing on the example of two projects for the implementation of energy innovations. The data obtained have shown that one of the innovations can be considered conditionally technologically progressive only by 46%, while the second is certainly technologically progressive by 92%. The conducted correction of the basic financial results allows demonstrating that the implementation project of a conditionally technologically progressive innovation is not cost-effective and requires an increase in capital expenditures or a reduction in expected revenues since it requires a balanced assessment of the feasibility of implementing innovation.

In the article some conceptual approaches to the development of a new strategy for regional development of Central Asia (CA) are substantiated in the context of foreign policy and economic tensions. The author reveals the geo-economic and integration priorities of the Central Asian states in developing strategic cooperation with each other, as well as with the neighboring countries and global powers.