Marui Galvanizing (Japan)

This is the first report that applied LIBS to the analysis of electropolishing solution. Quantitative analysis of Nb dissolved in the solution was demonstrated by using porous silicon as the sample loading substrate.

This study developed surface finishing methods to prevent corrosion of electropolished SUS316L stainless steel in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) . For this development, immersion corrosion tests in 99.7% IPA and anodic polarization tests in 0.15 kmol･m -3 HCl were conducted using electropolished SUS316L specimens passivated with 30% HNO 3 , 0.1 kmol･m -3 Na 2 MoO 4 -containing 30% HNO 3 , 3.5% H 2 O 2 and 0.98% H 2 O 2containing 8% citric acid. Identical tests were also applied to specimens heated to 200-450 ℃ after passivation treatments. Corrosion morphologies of these specimens in 99.7% IPA exhibited pitting. Pit densities and corrosion rates of these specimens in 99.7% IPA showed good correlation with pitting potentials in 0.15 kmol･m -3 HCl. Judging from the obtained values of pit densities and pitting potentials, specimens passivated with 30% HNO 3 or 0.1 kmol･m -3 Na 2 MoO 4 -containing 30% HNO 3 showed very good corrosion resistance against IPA corrosion. Heat-treatment at 200 ℃ after surface finishing using 30% HNO 3 and 0.1 kmol･m -3 Na 2 MoO 4 -containing 30% HNO 3 increased corrosion resistance against IPA. However, heat-treatment at temperatures higher than 350 ℃ decreased the corrosion resistance.

The effect of the different polishing conditions for niobium has been investigated as the basic data for polishing the superconducting quarter-wave resonators (QWRs) in the booster linac of the Tokai-tandem accelerator. Surface roughness and desorbed hydrogen amount of niobium samples with different polishing conditions such as polishing method (electropolishing: EP or chemical polishing: CP), polishing thickness, and electrode location, have been measured. For the hydrogen amount measurement, thermal desorption spectroscopy has been performed. The electrode arrangement in the EP to avoid hydrogen bubbles hitting the niobium surface is found to be important to obtain a smooth surface and less hydrogen content. The large polishing thickness resulted in a large amount of hydrogen content in the niobium or large surface roughness in the case of both EP and CP. The EP without hitting the hydrogen bubbles and with appropriate polished thickness will be the best solution for the actual polishing of the QWRs.

Electropolishing (EP) is a standard process for the treatment of the interior surface of niobium (Nb) superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities used in particle accelerators. We previously conducted a study on vertical electropolishing (VEP), in which the cavity was set vertically during EP of a 1.3 GHz Nb single-cell cavity. In that study, we showed that the major cause of asymmetric removal in VEP is the accumulation of hydrogen gas bubbles, generated during the EP process, on the upper half cell of the cavity. Three types of unique rotating cathodes were tested with the aim to resolve the issues of asymmetric removal and rough surface. Appropriate cathode design and parameters reduced the asymmetric removal in the cell and yielded a smooth surface of the cavity. In this study, we have performed an extensive investigation on VEP of both single- and nine-cell Nb 1.3 GHz cavities with a modified cathode. The VEP parameters with single- and nine-cell coupon cavities were investigated, which facilitate an in situ study of the coupon currents at various positions of the cavities and observation from the viewports located near the iris and equator positions of the cavities. The modified cathode and optimized VEP process for the single-cell cavity yielded uniform removal in the cavity cell and a smooth surface of the interior of the cavity. A novel acid flow method that allows the separation of the acid flow in the cavity and cathode housing was employed in the nine-cell cavity to efficiently remove the gas bubbles from the cavity. The optimized acid flow rates in the cavity and cathode housing, along with other adequate parameters including temperature, cathode rotation speed, and applied voltage, made the surface smooth and significantly reduced the removal nonuniformity in the nine-cell cavity. The single- and nine-cell cavities after an average removal of 46 and $130\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$, respectively, were tested in a vertical cryostat. The single- and nine-cell cavities achieved $31\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MV}/\mathrm{m}$ at a ${Q}_{0}$ value of $9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}$ and $28.3\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MV}/\mathrm{m}$ at a ${Q}_{0}$ value of $6.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}$, respectively, in the rf tests at the temperature of 2 K. The achieved SRF performances were as good as the baseline performances achieved after the horizontal electropolishing process of the same cavities.

Polyester films have been used widely as laminate films of beverage and food cans due to their excellent properties of formability, corrosion resistance, and adhesion to steel sheets. Recently, excellent formability under a higher processing degree has been required in laminated steel sheets for drawn and ironing (DI) cans, which are used as beverage and food cans. Polyester films which are almost amorphous are used in this application since high formability is needed in the laminate film. In this study, we investigated the thermal crystallization behaviors of a near-amorphous oriented polyester film and a non-oriented film by thermal analysis and Raman spectroscopy. We found that the two types of films display different thermal crystallization behaviors.

Library for Bayesian inference via sequential Monte Carlo for quantum parameter estimation.

A pressure type homogenizer consists of a plunger pump, and a valve part with a narrow channel. It generates effects such as a shear, a turbulent flow and a cavitation between fluid molecules at very short time, and makes a homogeneous emulsification state. If the flow pattern in a valve can be solved in more detail, the more efficient and stabilized emulsification will be attained. However, since it is difficult to measure the size, the pressure and the flow velocity in a narrow gap space by experiment, the details of the mechanism of emulsification by s shear, a turbulent flow, a cavitation and a collision have not been clarified enough. In this research, the size of gap is first calculated from the theoretical equation assumed to be laminar flow, based on the Reynolds number of the gap flow. Next, the pressure, the flow velocity, shearing stress, etc. are calculated. Then, the emulsification mechanism of each part of the valve is clarified by expressing the droplet size as a function of the gap size, the shearing stress and the exit velocity about two kinds of original solutions in which interfacial tension differs. Furthermore, the prediction expression of droplet size obtained by the emulsification is proposed.

This article analyses work and employment conditions in an archetypical industry of the new economy in a Latin American country. Specifically, it focuses on the experience of the call centre industry in Mexico City as a case-study. The article is informed by current debates about the quality of work and employment in mass customised industries of recent creation. It argues that the use of IT systems certainly affects workers' skills but in a way that is still largely embedded in how social relations take place inside organisations. It also argues that a drive towards a flexible labour market as a response to the challenges of a more competitive environment has eroded employment conditions for most call centre workers. However, instead of broadening deskilling and employment precariousness, work in the new economy is characterised by the reinforcement of polarising employment conditions, with many practices of the old economy still present in the new.