Maulana Azad Medical College

Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) is a distinct subtype of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs). Despite its increasing recognition, considerable variability persists in its nomenclature, posing challenges for research comparability, clinical trial design, and patient care. We conducted a scoping review of English-language publications from November 1974 to December 2023 to assess the diversity and trends in IMNM nomenclature and abbreviations. Articles were screened for IMNM terminology and abbreviations, and categorized by publication year, region, and study design. Descriptive statistics with temporal/geographic trend analyses were performed using SPSS. Of 1236 articles identified, 626 met inclusion criteria, spanning 42 countries. Marked heterogeneity in terminology was observed. Regarding spelling, "necrotizing" (with "z") predominated (497 mentions) compared to "necrotising" (66 mentions), particularly after 2010 when usage of the "z" form rose sharply (463 vs. 60, respectively). For disease suffix, "myopathy" overwhelmingly replaced "myositis" in recent years (487 vs. 44 post-2010). Prefix terminology also evolved: "immune-mediated" became the dominant prefix (366 mentions post-2010) compared to "autoimmune" (91 mentions). Longitudinal analysis demonstrated that prior to 2010, terminology was inconsistent, but from 2010 onwards, coinciding with the ENMC classification, publications increasingly converged toward the standardized form immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM). Antibody-based naming remained uncommon (7 %), and statin-associated descriptors were reported in 11 %. Abbreviations emerged in 2011, with IMNM now dominant (80 %) compared to NAM (13 %) and NM (6 %). This review highlights a clear evolution and gradual consensus in IMNM nomenclature. Despite progress toward standardization, residual variability persists, underscoring the need for unified terminology to advance research, collaboration, and clinical care.

Digital environments have become an integral part of our lives, with the global average screen time fast approaching 7 h per day. This rapid shift has sparked ongoing debates regarding its consequences on mental well-being. Existing research on this topic has produced inconsistent findings, partly because it attempts to answer an oversimplified question of whether digital environments are “good” or “bad” for mental health. This mini review aims to examine why such a simplistic binary perspective is inadequate. We conducted a narrative literature search of major scientific databases covering studies published between 1990 and 2025 and analysed the evidence using a tripartite Dose–Content–Disposition (DCD) framework. Dose refers to the quantity and pattern of digital exposure, content to the qualitative nature of digital environments, and disposition to the users’ personality traits and characteristics. Our analysis reveals that high dose is not inherently harmful; rather, its impact is moderated by content (e.g., active versus passive engagement, socially connective versus comparative material) and disposition (e.g., vulnerability factors such as low self-esteem or pre-existing mental health conditions). The reviewed literature suggests that the mental health impact of digital environments is neither linear nor uniform but is shaped by a complex interplay between these DCD variables. This framework provides a tool to analyze the mixed results in the field and also highlights the need for more nuanced research methods, individualized analytical approaches, and ethical, well-being-oriented design principles. Future research should prioritize longitudinal and experience-sampling methodologies, identification of user profiles, and interdisciplinary collaborations to incorporate mental health considerations into platform architecture. As a mini review, this article is limited by its non-systematic approach, which may introduce selection bias, and the inherent challenges of drawing definitive conclusions from methodologically diverse studies.

Abstract Objective We aimed to prospectively validate and compare published prediction models and clinician-assigned triage categories for early trauma care. Design Prospective multicentre cohort study. Setting Three public hospitals in urban India: one secondary care hospital in Mumbai and one tertiary care teaching hospitals in Delhi and Kolkata each. Participants Adult patients aged over 18 years presenting to the emergency department with a history of trauma between 2016 and 2022. A total of 13,041 patients were included in the final analysis. Methods We externally validated five published trauma prediction models (GAP, Gerdin, KTS, MGAP, and RTS) and clinician-assigned triage categories based on initial assessment. The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality. Models were recalibrated using a separate updating sample prior to evaluation, and model performance was assessed in terms of discrimination (AUC), calibration (calibration slope and plots), and decision curve analysis. Results All models and clinician gestalt-based triage demonstrated excellent discrimination (AUC range: 0.90-0.96) and good calibration after updating. The GAP model achieved the highest AUC (0.96, 95% 0.94-0.97), and RTS demonstrated the highest sensitivity (0.70). Conclusion Simple, physiology-based prediction models and clinician gestalt both demonstrated excellent performance in predicting 30-day mortality among adult trauma patients in Indian emergency departments. These findings provide a practical foundation for further development of trauma triage systems.

Pain assessment in children is often inconsistent despite its recognition as the "fifth vital sign." Untreated perioperative pain has adverse physiological and psychological effects. Although validated tools exist, their use in clinical practice remains limited. This survey evaluated the knowledge of anesthesiology residents towards pediatric pain assessment. A prospective, cross-sectional survey was conducted using a validated 15-item questionnaire (Cronbach's α = 0.82). The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and registered with the Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI/2023/06/053717). The questionnaire was distributed electronically to anesthesiology residents (6 months-6 years of anesthesia experience, including ≥3 months in pediatric anesthesia) across teaching hospitals in North India. Of 480 surveys circulated, 210 (43.7%) were returned. While 183 (87.1%) respondents reported awareness of pediatric pain assessment tools, knowledge was incomplete. Only 47% identified that the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability scale is not a self-report tool. Most (85.7%) recognized that tool selection depends on age, cognition, and institutional protocols, but only 27.1% correctly noted that observational measures are inappropriate in older children capable of self-reporting. Just 24.3% knew that facial expressions are the most studied behavioral indicator of neonatal pain. Although 90% acknowledged the importance of documentation, responses indicated a gap between theoretical awareness and practical application. Anesthesiology residents possess partial but insufficient knowledge of pediatric pain assessment. Standardized training and institutional adoption of validated tools are needed to bridge the knowledge-practice gap and improve perioperative pain management in children.

Despite their versatility, polymers frequently lack the barrier qualities, mechanical strength, or thermal stability needed for high-performance applications. The development of polymer nanocomposites is a sophisticated solution to this constraint. Small amounts (usually 1–5% weight percentage) of nanoscale fillers—such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, silica, clay, and metal oxide nanoparticles—are added to a polymer matrix to create these materials. The nanoparticles' extraordinarily high surface area-to-volume ratio and their special interactions with the polymer chains are what make nanocomposites so magical. This frequently results in a synergistic improvement of attributes that surpasses what could be accomplished with straightforward additive effects or macroscopic fillers. It is possible to greatly enhance characteristics such as stiffness, tensile strength, electrical and thermal conductivity, and gas barrier performance. The "filler effect" describes the significant impact that precisely chosen and engineered nanoparticles have on the healing process, even though self-healing mechanisms in polymers can be extrinsic (such as embedded microcapsules, vascular networks) or intrinsic (such as dynamic covalent bonds, supramolecular interactions). This impact enables, accelerates, or enhances the self-repair capabilities rather than merely boosting strength. Innovation in material science has been fueled by the unrelenting search for materials with increased durability, lower maintenance requirements, and improved safety. Self-healing materials—substances that, like biological systems, can repair damage on their own—are among the most promising developments. Polymer nanocomposites are unique in this fascinating field, especially when their capacity for self-healing is deliberately boosted by the "filler effect." Conventional materials deteriorate with time as a result of environmental exposure, wear, and fatigue. Failure eventually results from the accumulation of cracks, microfractures, and other types of damage. In crucial applications including aerospace, automotive, electronics, and biomedical implants, this presents safety issues and mandates expensive repairs or early replacement. Self-healing materials provide a ground-breaking technology that increases system sustainability and dependability while decreasing waste and prolonging product lifespan.

Introduction:The advent of 3D-printed, patient-specific implants has revolutionized limb salvage surgeries, offering precise, personalized solutions for complex skeletal reconstructions.Case Report:We describe a case of 32-year-old lady with a recurrent distal tibia giant cell tumor. Wide resection followed by reconstruction with 3D-printed customized implant was performed. At 2-year follow-up, the patient achieved full weight-bearing and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot score improved from 30 preoperatively to 84 postoperatively.Conclusion:This case highlights the potential of 3D-printed customized implants in complex joint reconstructions of large defects after wide tumor resections with personalized design and maintaining joint function.

The escalating threats of zoonotic diseases, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), climate change, and environmental degradation have intensified the need for a unified health approach. One Health—integrating human, animal, and environmental health—is critical for national and global health security. India, with its high population density, biodiversity, and socio-ecological complexity, stands poised to lead in operationalizing this integrated vision. This review analyzes India’s evolving One Health ecosystem, focusing on policy development, inter-ministerial collaborations, surveillance systems, grassroots implementation, and education. Institutions like the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), and Department of Biotechnology (DBT) are discussed. We propose a strategic blueprint built on integrated surveillance (One Network), cross-sectoral governance (One Nation), and field-level implementation (One Health). Highlighting successful case studies and India’s role in global platforms, the article presents a roadmap to bridge fragmented efforts into a resilient, community-driven national mission to protect human, animal, and environmental health.