Medical University of Ilam

To gain a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence of MSSs among restaurant workers, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. The primary objective was to determine the magnitude of this issue and to provide valuable insights for the development and implementation of effective prevention and intervention strategies. systematic review and meta-analysis. This study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Relevant studies were identified through a comprehensive search of multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. A random-effects model was employed for the meta-analysis, and heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the I2 statistic. Data analysis was conducted using STATA statistical software (version 14). Following the completing the stages of screening, selection, and evaluation of the quality of the studies, 17 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis showed that The pooled prevalence of MSSs among restaurant workers was 67.01% (95% CI: 57.90-76.12, I2=98.2%, P<0.001). The highest and lowest prevalence rates are related to the low back with a rate of 50.78% (95% CI: 39.45-62.11, I2=98.4%, P<0.001) and hip/thigh with a rate of 19.05% (95% CI: 10.24-27.87, I2=98.2%, P<0.001). The relatively high occurrence of MSSs within the restaurant industry necessitates the implementation of preventive measures, including ergonomic interventions, to mitigate their adverse effects.

Sertraline is a first-line pharmacological treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) but can cause adverse effects, including acute hepatitis. This study aims to investigate, using an experimental male rat model, the effects of different therapeutic doses of sertraline on liver damage. Forty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=8): a control group and four groups receiving daily oral sertraline at doses of 20, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg for two months. After the treatment period, serum levels of liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP), bilirubin, lipid profile (cholesterol, LDL, HDL), and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL- 6) were measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software with one-way ANOVA and ttest. The control group showed the lowest mean levels of all measured parameters. A clear dose-dependent increase was observed for cholesterol, LDL, bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP, TNF-α, and IL-6, with the 200 mg/kg group consistently exhibiting the highest values. All variables in the 200 mg/kg group were significantly elevated compared to the control group (p<0.05). Among liver enzymes, ALP demonstrated the most pronounced dose-response, whereas bilirubin showed the weakest association with sertraline dosage. The findings demonstrate clear dose-dependent hepatotoxicity for sertraline, involving hepatic enzyme leakage, dyslipidemia, and pro-inflammatory cytokine activation. This provides experimental validation for clinical case reports of sertraline-induced liver injury. Sertraline causes dose-dependent liver damage in male rats, characterized by elevated liver enzymes, increased inflammatory markers, and adverse lipid changes. These results highlight the need for vigilant liver function monitoring in patients on higher therapeutic doses.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui praktik pemasaran offline pada UMKM kemplang ikan di Desa Terate dalam menghadapi perkembangan di era digitalisasi. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan metode Kualitatif melalui observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. Teknik analisa yang digunakan reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil Penelitian menunjukan bahwa UMKM kemplang ikan di desa Terate masih melakukan pemasaran secara langsung dengan datang ketempat produksi dan melalui sistem promosi dari mulut ke mulut. Strategi ini di nilai mampu membantu untuk mempererat hubungan kepercayaan antar pelanggan. Di sisi lain keterbatasan pemamfaatan media digital menjadi tantangan dalam memperluas jangkauan pasar. Implikasi dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa Praktik Pemasaran Offline tetap memiliki peran penting bagi keberlangsungan UMKM, namun perlu dikombunikasikan dengan pemamfaatan teknologi digital agar mampu meningkatkan jangkauan pemasaran.

This study aimed to update the global estimates of microsporidia prevalence, species/genotype distribution and clinical correlates among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. A systematic search of international databases was conducted for studies published between 1 January 2017 and 11 October 2025. Pooled prevalence and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using a random effects model with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Thirty-nine studies from 18 countries (24 cross-sectional, 15 case-control) were included. The pooled prevalence of microsporidia among HIV/AIDS patients was 12% (95% CI 8.9 to 16), significantly higher than in controls (1.9%; odds ratio 5.7 [95% CI 3.33 to 9.74]). A higher pooled prevalence of microsporidia infection was observed in studies published after 2020 (15.9%), in those with sample sizes ≤100 participants (19.2%), in patients with CD4 counts ≤200cells/μl (58.4%) and in males (64.9%). The highest country-specific prevalence rates were reported from Malaysia (60.9%), Mexico (48.3%), Malawi (37.0%) and South Africa (32.9%). Enterocytozoon bieneusi was the predominant species, accounting for 24 identified genotypes, followed by Encephalitozoon intestinalis, E. cuniculi and E. hellem. Microsporidia remain a significant opportunistic pathogen in HIV/AIDS patients. Strengthened molecular surveillance, standardized diagnostic protocols and integration of microsporidia screening into HIV/AIDS care are essential to improve outcomes and control transmission.

The computed tomography-severity score (CT-SS) quantifies the severity of pulmonary involvement and is significantly associated with disease severity, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and mortality in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients. There is very limited information on the prognostic value of CT-SS when used in machine learning (ML) models to predict ICU admission in COVID-19 patients. In this study, the prognostic significance of CT-SS in ML model-based prediction of ICU admission among COVID-19 patients was evaluated. In this retrospective study, a hospital-based database from 6,854 COVID-19 patients was reviewed. To evaluate the prognostic significance of CT-SS in predicting ICU admission in patients, seven ML methods were trained separately using the most important features, with and without CT-SS data, and their performances were compared. After applying exclusion criteria, 815 COVID-19 patients remained. Just over half of the patients (54.85%) were male, and the mean age was 57.22±16.76 years. The CT-SS index was the strongest predictor among the parameters examined, and integrating this index into the training dataset enhanced ML model performance. The k-nearest neighbors model with 93.3% accuracy, 97.3% sensitivity, 89.4% specificity, and an area under the curve of approximately 98.8% showed the best performance for predicting ICU admission in COVID-19 patients. The results showed that CT-SS is a key predictor for ML models of ICU admission in COVID-19 patients. The ML models developed using a dataset including CT-SS are efficient risk stratification tools for identifying critical COVID-19 patients, thereby facilitating optimal allocation of limited hospital resources.

Background: The readmission of a patient to the intensive care unit means a patient's return to the hospital for a certain period of time after discharge for planned or unplanned reasons. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the risk factors for readmission after appendectomy in hospital. Methods: In this retrospective study, the records of patients who underwent appendicitis in hospitals were reviewed. In order to identify readmissions, a list of patients with a history of readmission was extracted from the hospital's Health Information Technology Unit. Then, the researchers studied the patients' clinical records and extracted data using a researcher-made checklist. To analyze the data, first the data were entered into SPSS version 16 software and then analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical tests. Results: According to the findings, the mean (SD) age of the patients in the readmitted group was 14.1 (2.8) years, and in the non-readmitted group was 13.9 (2.1) years. In the readmitted patient’s group, 52.4% of the patients were male, 19% of the patients had underlying diabetes, 9.5% had asthma and allergies, and 100% of the surgeries were performed by a specialist. Also, the results showed the reasons for readmission of patients were 4.8% due to intra-abdominal abscess, 42.9% due to wound infection, 14.3% due to abdominal pain, 23.8% due to paralysis/ileus, and 14.3% due to other causes. Conclusion: Given that patient readmission has various complications for the patient, the patient's family, and the healthcare system, it is necessary to take necessary preventive measures regarding the factors affecting it.

Among lung cancers, the majority of cases are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is the main causes of death is due to molecular complexity and comparative resistance to treatment. Immunogenomics has been able to provide a novel approach to developing targeted immune-based therapies by integrating high-throughput sequencing with immune profiling. The present study investigates the role of immunogenomics tools, including whole exome sequencing, RNA- sequencing, and single-cell analysis to identify tumor-specific mutations, neoantigens, and immune evasion mechanisms in NSCLC. Additionally in this study, key biomarkers including tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression are investigated for their predictive value in response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The development of personalized cancer vaccines, T-cell receptor-based therapies, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell approaches tailored to each patient’s genomic profiling and immunologic is enabled by immunogenomics. By reviewing clinical studies, we concluded that patients with high TMB as well as a strong neo-antigen load will show improved responses to ICIs. Integrated genomic analyses will lead to the emergence of new immune targets as well as resistance pathways, thus facilitating combination therapies. Immunogenomics links molecular findings with immune-based precision medicine, thereby defining a new therapeutic paradigm for the treatment of patients with NSCLC. Since we still face serious challenges such as tumor heterogeneity and data standardization, the use of immunogenomics in the context of treatment decisions, overcoming resistance, and improving patient survival outcomes in patients with NSCLC is of great importance.