Medicon

Venotonics are a class of therapeutically active molecules that have vaso-protective effects. They are used to alleviate venous diseases and disorders, particularly venous insufficiency. We compared the composition of prescription versus over-the-counter (OTC) venotonics using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-DAD) and simulating their digestion using a static digestive model. From each drug, five tablets were weighed. A homogenate was prepared, and 25 mg of crushed homogenized tablets were weighed into 25 ml volumetric flasks. Dissolved in MeOH and added two drops of saturated NaOH solution. The samples were filtered into vials (Teflon, 0.45 μm) and used for analysis. An Ultimate 3000 HPLC system (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) consisting of a quaternization pump, autosampler, column thermostat and DAD (UV/VIS detector) was used. The composition of the mobile phase proceeded in a linear gradient from 30% methanol and 70% phosphoric acid (0.15%) in water at time t=0 min. to 80% methanol and 20% phosphoric acid (0.15%) at time t=15 min., at a constant mobile phase flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. Detection was performed using a DAD detector in the 190-450 nm wavelength range. The content of monitored flavonoids was calculated from peaks at a wavelength of 277 nm, in which both flavonoids have their absorption maxima. The static digestive model was used to simulate the digestive phase from the oral cavity to the corresponding intestinal phase. The content of diosmin and hesperidin (mg per table) for a prescription drug: Detralex: 480 mg, 26 mg. The content of diosmin and hesperidin (mg per tablet) for OTC drugs: Venostop: 502 mg, 48 mg, Diosminol: 520 mg, 50 mg, Devenal: 496 mg, 49 mg, Diohes: 493 mg, 46 mg. Digestion did not affect the solubility of all tested drugs. The active substances could not be determined in the non-alkalized sample. After alkalization, part of the insoluble matter was visibly dissolved and converted to a yellow flavonoid complex. Neither diosmin nor hesperidin could be identified afterwards. Our experimental results show that the contents of both listed active substances, diosmin and hesperidin, met the declared amounts in all tested medicaments. Digestion simulation showed identical behaviour in prescription and OTC venotonics. The active substances could not be determined in the non-alkalized sample. Digestion did not affect the solubility of the tested drugs.

Although focused ultrasound modalities have achieved positive clinical results in noninvasive skin rejuvenation, they presented various side effects and particularly severe pain during treatment. This study introduces a microfocused ultrasound (MFU) device, ULTIGHT, to overcome the severe pain issue, providing quasi-facial lifting. Transducer surface was imaged with a scanning electron microscope. The energies of four treatment cartridges were measured using an ultrasound power meter. In vitro experiments were performed to quantitatively evaluate the MFU thermal zones (MFUTZs) and treatment line (TL) of 10 MFUTZs. Ex vivo experiments were performed to evaluate the MFUTZs and temperature rise in tissue. Clinical trials using eight volunteers were performed to qualitatively evaluate facial lifting. The MFU transducer clearly showed a smooth and no air gap surface. ULTIGHT produced 10 discrete MFUTZs in a TL of length 10 mm. In ex vivo tissue, discrete linear MFUTZs were clearly observed at lower number of TLs; however, they started to aggregate at higher number of TLs. The temperature rise was linearly increased as a function of the number of treatments. A single MFUTZ resulted in a temperature rise of 3°C-10°C that could cause hyperthermia for body temperature. In the clinical trials, the volunteers showed quasi-facial lifting right after treatment on the lower facial region. ULTIGHT provides relatively low energy, which may be advantageous or disadvantageous depending on clinical applications. Additionally, it has the advantage of being pain-free even without anesthetic during treatment, providing quasi-facial lifting right after treatment.

The paper presents unusual symptoms as a complication of therapeutic colonoscopy. A 70-year-old polymorbid female patient in chronic dialysis program underwent argon plasma coagulation treatment of leaking angioectasias in the cecum and ascending colon. Shortly after the procedure she presented with shortness of breath and subcutaneous emphysema of the neck which was initially misdiagnosed as swelling. Further tests revealed pneumoperitoneum, subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum. Considering the high risks for our patient (comorbidities, obesity), a laparoscopic approach was indicated. During laparoscopy neither peritonitis nor intestinal perforation were found. The patient recovered without complications after further complex treatment. Shortness of breath and subcutaneous emphysema are not typically among the first symptoms of colonoscopic perforation. Our case confirms that we should bear this complication in mind and when suspected, the diagnostic process should be started without delay.

A modern fogászatban a fogtömések alkalmazása az egyik legelterjedtebb minimálinvazív eljárás. Az egyre fejlettebb kompozit tömőanyagoknak, adhezív rendszereknek és tömési technikáknak köszönhetően nagy szilárdságú, időtálló fogtöméseket lehet elkészíteni. Ezen restaurációk minősítése bonyolult feladat, a legelterjedtebb módszer a mikroszakító kötésszilárdsági vizsgálat, amelynek elvégzéséhez a próbatesteket kell kimunkálni és azokat egyedi befogókba ragasztani. Kutatásunk során három különböző ragasztóanyagot vizsgáltunk meg, hogy meghatározzuk, melyikkel célszerű a fémbefogóhoz ragasztani a dentint, és melyikkel az EverX dentinpótló kompozitot.

Situace, kdy u pacienta s epilepsií přes zavedenou léčbu přetrvávají záchvaty, je nebezpečná, podle typu záchvatů i zdraví a život ohrožující.Nekompenzovaná epilepsie může progresivně zhoršovat strukturu i funkci mozku

The number of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn´s disease and ulcerative colitis) has increased steadily. Gastroenterology outpatient secondary type centres play very important role in the care for these patients. Their clinical practice was assessed in our study. The data was obtained using a structured questionnaire concerned on 4 major topics (the centre characteristics, diagnosis, therapy and patient´s monitoring). Obtained data was compared with both local and international recommendations and showed high professional standards of care. Key words: Crohn´s disease - diagnosis - inflammatory bowel disease - outpatient care - patient´s monitoring - therapy - ulcerative colitis.

The basic concepts and elements of micro- and minicomputer hardware components frequently used in urology are described. For advanced users, the details and trends are discussed in more detail. The interdependence of hardware and operating systems is emphasized. In addition, a method for the evaluation of personal computer performance is presented. Finally, proposals are made concerning purchasing procedures and selection criteria.