Meliksah University

To evaluate the effects of intranasal dexmedetomidine and midazolam-ketamine combination for premedication on sedation quality, oculocardiac reflex development, mask tolerance, and separation from parents in children who would undergo strabismus surgery. A total of 74 patients aged 2 to 11 years, were divided into two groups. The dexmedetomidine group (n = 37) received 1 mcg/kg of dexmedetomidine and the midalozam-ketamine group (n = 37) received 0.1 mg/kg of midazolam and 7.5 mg/kg of ketamine combination intranasally. Mean arterial pressure, peripheral oxygen saturation, Ramsay Sedation Scale values, and heart rate were recorded before and after the premedication. The children's separation from the family scores were evaluated and recorded. The mask compliance was evaluated and recorded. Patients who developed oculocardiac reflex and were administered atropine were recorded. In the postoperative period, nausea and vomiting, recovery times, and postoperative agitation were evaluated. Ramsay Sedation Scale scores, mask acceptance, and family separation scores were similar in both groups (P > .05). Oculocardiac reflex was observed more in the dexmedetomidine group (P = .048). Atro-pine requirement and postoperative nausea and vomiting rates were similar in both groups (P > .05). Mean arterial pressures and heart rates were significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group during the pre-medication period. The recovery time was longer in the midazolam-ketamine group (P < .001). The incidence of postoperative agitation was significantly lower in the midazolam-ketamine group (P = .001). The sedation efficacy of intranasal dexmedetomidine and midazolam-ketamine combination that were given in premedication was similar. Oculocardiac reflex was observed more with dexmedetomidine. The recovery time was prolonged in the midazolam-ketamine group, but postoperative agitation was observed less. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2023;60(6):427-434.].

Ülkemizdeki birçok şehir ekonomik ve sosyal nedenlerden dolayı nüfusun kırsal alanlardan kentsel alanlara göç etmesi sebebi ile hızla büyümüştür. Bu nedenle belediyeler şehirlerin hızlı nüfus artışı ile birlikte 1985 yılında yürürlüğe giren 3194 sayılı İmar Kanunu çerçevesinde imar planları yapmıştır. Ancak geniş alanları kaplayan imar planlarının uygulama süreçlerinde belediyeler, kentsel nüfusun ihtiyaç duyduğu yol, park, okul, cami ve sosyal tesis gibi birçok hizmeti vatandaşlara kazandırmak gayesi ile özel mülkiyetteki taşınmazlara kamulaştırma yapmadan el atmak zorunda kalmıştır. Bu makalede günümüzde belediyeler açısından büyük bir malî soruna dönüşen kamulaştırmasız el atma uygulamalarına karşı alternatif bir çözüm aracı olarak 3194 sayılı İmar Kanunu’nun 18. maddesi çerçevesinde Düzenleme Ortaklık Payı yöntemine ve Melikgazi (Kayseri) Belediyesinin bu bağlamda gerçekleştirdiği çalışmalara değinilmiştir. Makalede mülkiyet hakkı, kamulaştırma, kamulaştırmasız hukuki ve fiili el atma ile Düzenleme Ortaklık Payı kavramları üzerinde durulduktan sonra Melikgazi Belediyesinin yaptığı Düzenleme Ortaklık Payı uygulamaları anlatılmış, bu uygulamalar sonucunda belediyenin sağladığı malî tasarruf resmî verilerle yansıtılmıştır.

The objectives of the present work were (1) to determine the total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of citrus fibre, and (2) to predict, by attenuated total reflection (ATR)-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the oxidative stability of ground beef made with different levels (i.e., 0, 1, 3, and 5%) of citrus fibre (CF) during 1, 3, 5, or 7 days of refrigerated storage. The TPC, TFC, and ORAC values of citrus fibre were 3.753 ± 0.49 mg/g, 2.825 ± 0.008 mg/g, and 10.036 ± 1.94 μmol/g in dry basis, respectively. The citrus fibre pH was 4.45 ± 0.075. To monitor lipid oxidation, the peaks at 2924, 2853, and 1743 cm-1 were useful. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied at a 5% significance level between 1780 - 1700 cm-1. The results of the present work demonstrated that the addition of citrus fibre at higher levels (i.e., 3 and 5%) had a pro-oxidative effect on ground beef meatballs. FTIR helped to predict oxidation in meat products.

Background: Hot water epilepsy is a type of reflex epilepsy which generally occurs with pouring water on the body during bath. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and electrophysiological features, treatment, and outcome of the pediatric patients with diagnosis of hot water epilepsy. Methods: Patients were followed and treated at Erciyes University, between January 2010 and January 2016. Results: There were 15 patients total, included 9 (60%) boys and 6 (40%) girls. The average age at diagnosis was 30 months (range: 13-60 months). The follow-up period was 16 months (range: 12-48 months). Seven patients (46.6%) had focal seizures with impaired consciousness, four (26.7%) had focal seizure and four (26.7%) had focal starting and generalized tonic-clonic continuing seizures. Seven patients (46.6%) had abnormal interictal EEG findings, ranged from unilateral slowing of the background activity to bilateral sharp wave. Intermittent clobazam treatment (0.8-1.2 mg/kg) was given to 13 patients (86.7%). Other epileptic treatments were used in 5 (33.3%) patients. Three patients (20.0%) developed nonreflex seizures during followup period. Conclusions: Intermittent clobazam prophylaxis prior to hot water bath, as well as changing bathing habits can be effective in pediatric patients with hot water epilepsy.

Stachys is traditionally accepted to present great taxonomic and nomenclatural complexity. It shows a wide range of variability that is difficult to define. In the present study, a taxonomic revision of Stachys sect. Olisia (Lamiaceae) in Turkey was presented. Stachys comprises 87 species (113 taxa) in Flora of Turkey, 58 of which (51%) are endemic to Turkey. Stachys sect. Olisia is represented by 14 species (20 taxa) in Turkey, of which S. distans var. distans is reported for the first time from Turkey, and S. annua subsp. annua var. lycaonica is synonymised to S. annua subsp. annua. Herein, morphological descriptions, diagnostic characters, detailed illustrations, distribution maps, IUCN threat categories and taxonomic comments are presented for all accepted taxa. Furthermore, identification keys are also included for the accepted Turkish species, subspecies and varieties in the section.

In this experimental study, it was aimed to assess the effects of erythropoietin (EPO) on bacterial translocation in a rat model of colitis. The rats were randomly assigned into control, colitis and EPO-treated groups (n= 8 in each group). Saline solution (NS) was administered to control rats via rectal route. A trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid and ethanol mixture (TNBS-E) was used to induce colitis in the experiment groups. No treatment was administered to colitis group after induction. Starting at one day after induction of colitis with TNBS-E, EPO (1000 IU/kg) was administered subcutaneously for three days to the rats in the EPO-treated group. Colonic inflammation was assessed by gross and microscopic examination on day five. Blood samples were obtained to evaluate bacterial translocation while hepatic, mesenteric tissue samples and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) samples were collected for tissue culture. Tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- α) and endotoxin levels in the sera were studied. Significant gross and microscopic differences were found in the comparison between colitis and EPO-treated groups (p <0.05). MPO level was significantly lower when compared to the colitis group (p <0.05). Serum TNF-α and plasma endotoxin levels were significantly lower in the EPO-treated group than the colitis group (p <0.05). Bacterial translocation was lower in the liver, spleen, MLNs and systemic blood in the EPO-treated group when compared to the colitis group (p <0.05). In TNBS-E-induced rat model of colitis, EPO significantly decreased inflammation and bacterial translocation based on histopathological, biochemical and microbiological parameters.

One common technology for underground object detection is Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). For landmine detection, it is vital to have a fast and accurate method. This paper uses synthetic data from GprMax program and proposes a 3-step method to locate and discriminate underground objects: 1) Pre-processing using n-rows average 2) Image scaling and 3) converting Region of Interest (ROI) to a feature vector. Proposed method has been tested using 5 methods; 2 classification algorithms; and 3 different image scales. The detection accuracy and runtime performances have been reported according to classifiers. Proposed method has a good potential with its runtime performance and small representation capacity. Although, it has slightly lower performance for K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) compared to Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG), proposed method increases overall performance comparably for Support Vector Machines (SVM) from 67.6% to 85.5%.

US foreign policy-making from the end of the Cold War to after 2001 is crucial to understanding the years of strong US engagement with Pakistan that would follow 9/11. This book explains Pakistan’s strategic choices in the 1990s by examining the role of the United States in the shaping of Islamabad’s security goals. Drawing upon a diverse range of oral history interviews as well as available written sources, the book explains the American contribution to Pakistani security objectives during the presidency of Bill Clinton (1993-2001). The author investigates and explains the dynamics which drove Islamabad’s pursuit of nuclear weapons, its support for the Taliban and its approach towards the indigenous uprising in Indian Kashmir. She argues that Clinton’s foreign policy contributed to the hardening of Islamabad’s security perspectives, creating space for the Pakistani military establishment to pursue its regional security goals. The book also discusses the argument that US-Pakistan relations during this period were driven by a Cold War mindset, causing a fissure between US global and Pakistan’s regional security goals. The Pakistani military and civilian leadership utilized these divergent and convergent trends to protect Islamabad’s India-centric strategic interests. The book addresses a gap in the relevant literature and moves beyond the available mono-causal explanations often distorted by a mixture of intellectual obfuscation and political rhetoric. It adds a Pakistani perspective and is a valuable contribution to the study of US-Pakistan relations.