Mewar University

Air pollution growth significantly impacts human health with different sources, i.e., industrial emission, vehicle emission, biomass burning, and urban dust. This analysis focuses on the recent events of the gas tanker and LPG blast on 20 December 2024 and 07 October 2025 at the Jaipur-Ajmer Highway in Rajasthan, India. The study measured air pollutants pre-, during, and post-event from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and satellite data analysis of the concentration of AOD, black carbon, and active fire to confirm smoke plume and meteorological parameters to explain the pollutant dispersion during the event. The result found that PM2.5, PM10, and CO concentrations increase suddenly when PM2.5 crosses the AQI limit of baseline levels. The concentration of fire data confirmed active thermal anomalies during the event sites, comparing with air pollutant spikes. This observation found that high explosions during the event can significantly degrade air quality post-event, depending on meteorological conditions.

Context: Urban governance today faces increasing complexity due to rapid urbanization, climate pressures, and rising expectations for transparency and equity. Traditional planning frameworks struggle to evaluate diverse environmental, economic, and social factors simultaneously. In response, digital decision-support tools have emerged as promising instruments for improving evidence-based and sustainable policy-making. Objective: This review examines how digital decision-support tools are being developed and adopted within urban governance, distinguishing theoretical technological advancements from their practical implementation. It also assesses the socio-political, ethical, and governance challenges that shape their real-world use. Methodology: This review adopts a narrative and integrative approach to examine the evolving landscape of digital decision-support tools and artificial intelligence within urban governance. Results & Discussion: Findings reveal that while digital technologies including predictive analytics, digital twins, and advanced urban data systems are rapidly evolving, their deployment in urban governance remains limited and uneven across regions. Implementation is hindered by weak data infrastructures, limited institutional capacity, and insufficient attention to ethics, transparency, and social inclusion. Conceptual innovation continues to outpace practical adoption, highlighting a persistent gap between technological potential and governance readiness. Significance: Digital decision-support tools can strengthen urban governance by improving foresight, enabling data-driven decisions, and supporting equitable policy outcomes. For these tools to contribute meaningfully to sustainable urban development, governance systems must prioritize participatory processes, ethical safeguards, and inclusive frameworks that align technological capabilities with community needs. Key words- Digital decision-support tools, Urban governance, Sustainable planning, Technology adoption

Introduction: Pain resulting from insect bites is primarily nociceptive, triggered by tissue injury and bioactive venom components such as histamine, serotonin, kinins, and proteolytic enzymes that activate inflammatory and nociceptive pathways, leading to peripheral and central sensitization. Such envenomation in Ayurveda are described as Keeta Visha, characterized by Vedana (pain), Shopha (swelling), Kandu (itching), Daha (burning), and Jwara (fever). To treat such conditions, Modern pharmacological treatments like opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used, but they often come with side effects and the threat of dependency. This has high-lightened a growing interest in natural and herbal alternatives that provide a safer and more comprehensive approach to healing. Pancha Shirishanama Agad, a classical anti-toxic formulation, is traditionally used to alleviate these symptoms through its detoxifying (Vishaghna), analgesic (Vedana Sthapana), and anti-inflammatory (Shothaghna) properties. Materials and Methods: Eighteen Swiss albino mice were divided into three groups (n=6 each): control (distilled water 5ml/kg), test (Pancha Shirishanama Agad 9.86 ml/kg), and standard (diclofenac sodium 1% solution of 10 mg/kg). Analgesic activity was evaluated using hot plate model at 30-, 60-, and 90-minutes post-administration. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test. Results: The test drug demonstrated a significant increase in latency period at 30 minutes (24.72 ± 10.45 sec) compared with control (7.18 ± 0.32 sec) (p=0.0052), indicating rapid-onset analgesia. No statistically significant differences were observed at 60 and 90 minutes in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: Pancha Shirishanama Agad exhibits a fast-acting analgesic effect, likely mediated through both peripheral and central mechanisms. The findings support its traditional use in managing acute inflammatory pain and swelling associated with insect toxins.

This research paper provides information on the Phad painting practised traditionally in Shahpura sub-division, located in the eastern part of Bhilwara district. This painting has been carried out for approximately seven centuries by painters of the Joshi clan in a specific family within Shahpura sub-division. Phad represents a cultural heritage that signifies the extraordinary synergy between the devotion of the painters and the dedication of its narrators. The paper describes the colours and techniques used in Phad painting, along with changes over time in its form and subjects. It encompasses all aspects of Phad painting, such as its history, relevance, challenges faced by its painters, and suggestions for its preservation. The paper is based on information gathered from primary and secondary sources. Keywords: Phad Painting, Handicraft, Shahpura, Bhilwara, Phad Narration, Joshi, Painter, Bhopa, Pabuji, Devnarayanji

Tetrazoles are nitrogen-rich heterocycles that have attracted interest because of their numerous applications in pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry. Four nitrogen atoms and one carbon atom make up these five-membered rings, which have special physicochemical and electrical characteristics, including acidity, resonance stabilization, and aromaticity. This article highlights the structure, spectroscopic characteristics, and physical and chemical characteristics of tetrazoles. It also describes how overlapping mechanisms, such as DNA replication inhibition, protein synthesis disruption, and oxidative stress induction, as well as similar therapeutic targets, enable inhibitors to serve as both antibacterial and anticancer agents. Tetrazole moieties have been fused with a range of pharmacophores, such as indoles, pyrazoles, quinolines, and pyrimidines, yielding fused derivatives that display substantial inhibitory activity against bacterial, fungal, and cancer cell lines, with certain compounds exhibiting efficacy comparable to or exceeding that of established therapeutic agents. The rational design of more efficacious tetrazole-based therapies is facilitated by structure–activity relationship analysis, which further highlights significant functional groups and scaffolds that contribute to increasing activity. We investigate the relationship between microbial inhibition and anticancer efficacy, opening up new avenues for the creation of multifunctional therapeutic agents. We hope that this study will offer significant guidance and serve as a valued resource for medicinal and organic researchers working on drug development and discovery in multifunctional therapeutics. The review involves a thorough investigation of tetrazole in recent years.

Aim: The aim of this study was to perform a detailed GC-MS analysis of the petroleum ether extract of N. arbor￾tristis to characterize its chemical constituents. Objectives: 1. To prepare the petroleum ether extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis floral material. 2. To perform GC-MS profiling of the petroleum ether extract. 3. To identify the bioactive phytochemical constituents based on mass spectral data and library comparison.

Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) is a holistic strategy designed to enhance crop yields while maintaining long-term soil fertility. It combines chemical fertilizers with organic manures and biofertilizers to ensure balanced nutrient supply and sustainable soil health. Overdependence on chemical fertilizers has led to nutrient imbalances, declining soil fertility, rising input costs, and environmental degradation. A field experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of 2024–25 at the Experimental Farm, Mewar University, Chittorgarh (Rajasthan), to evaluate the effect of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) on the growth, yield, and economics of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.). The study involved nine treatments combining different levels of recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) with organic sources like vermicompost and poultry manure, as well as biofertilizers (Azotobacter and PSB). Results revealed that treatment T9 (75% RDF + S at 40 kg ha⁻¹ + Vermicompost at 5 t ha⁻¹ + Azotobacter + PSB) recorded the highest seed yield (1795.74 kg ha⁻¹), stover yield (6155.69 kg ha⁻¹), and leaf area index (2.44). Growth attributes such as plant height and yield components like the number of siliquae per plant and seeds per siliqua were significantly improved with integrated nutrient application. The treatment also accounted for significant economic returns compared to control. The findings underscore that a combination of organic, inorganic, and biological sources enhances mustard productivity and soil health, though economic returns vary depending on input costs. The results suggest that the integration of organic and biological inputs with chemical fertilizers not only enhances productivity but also contributes to sustainable soil health. Therefore, INM practices should be encouraged for long-term profitability and ecological resilience in mustard-based cropping systems. Further multi-seasonal and location-specific trials are recommended to validate the long-term benefits of such nutrient strategies.

The present investigation aimed to evaluate the influence of various organic manures and gibberellic acid (GA₃) concentrations on the growth and yield performance of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.). Conducted at the Post Harvest and Value Addition Laboratory, Mewar University, Rajasthan, during February–May 2024–25, the study employed a completely randomized design with nine treatment combinations and three replications. Organic sources included farmyard manure (FYM), vermicompost, and poultry manure, while GA₃ was applied at 0, 25, 50, and 75 ppm. The results revealed that both organic manures and GA₃ had a significant and positive impact on plant growth and fruit yield parameters. Among the organic treatments, poultry manure @ 2.5 t/ha significantly enhanced plant height, number of branches per plant, and stem girth across all observation intervals (30, 60 DAT, and harvest). It also resulted in the highest number of fruits per plant (32.25), fruit girth (5.95 cm), average fruit weight (59.5 g), and fruit yield (351.75 q/ha). Similarly, GA₃ at 75 ppm produced the most vigorous vegetative growth, maximum shoot girth, and superior yield attributes—highest fruit count (33.75), fruit girth (6.03 cm), and fruit weight (61.0 g). The synergistic effect of enriched nutrient availability from poultry manure and the physiological stimulation by GA₃ contributed to overall improvement in growth and productivity. The findings underscore the effectiveness of integrating organic manures with optimal GA₃ concentrations to enhance tomato yield sustainably. Such strategies can not only reduce reliance on chemical fertilizers but also improve soil health and crop quality, supporting climate-resilient vegetable production.

A field experiment was conducted during the spring season of 2024–25 at the Research Farm of Mewar University, Chittorgarh (Rajasthan), to evaluate the effects of various plant growth regulators (PGRs) on the growth, yield, and quality of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) cv. Arka Harit. The study comprised ten treatments involving foliar applications of gibberellic acid (GA₃), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) at varying concentrations, arranged in a Randomized Block Design with three replications. Results revealed that the application of GA₃ at 150 ppm (T3) significantly enhanced vine length (399.10 cm), leaf number (102 at 45 DAS), fruit diameter (3.48 cm), fruit length (14.94 cm), vitamin C content (84.94 mg/100 g), and total soluble solids (5.7 °Brix), along with a high fruit yield (1790 g/plant). However, the combination treatment T4 (NAA 50 ppm + GA₃ 150 ppm) recorded the highest fruit yield per plant (1930 g), while T5 (NAA 100 ppm + GA₃ 100 ppm) showed the highest fruit number per plant (41.22) and iron content (0.260%). Among MeJA treatments, T8 (MeJA 100 ppm) showed better performance compared to the control but was less effective than GA₃ or NAA combinations. The control (T10) consistently recorded the lowest values for all measured parameters. Economic analysis also indicated higher net returns with GA₃ and NAA combinations. Overall, the foliar application of GA₃ at 150 ppm alone or in combination with NAA significantly improved growth, yield, and quality traits of bitter gourd. The treatment T4 (NAA 50 ppm + GA₃ 150 ppm) was concluded to be the most effective for optimizing both yield and quality in bitter gourd cultivation under the studied conditions.