Micro-Star International (Taiwan)

Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy, while effective for palmar hyperhidrosis, results in devastating compensatory sweating and autonomic dysfunction affecting >80% of patients. We present our institutional evolution of robotic-assisted sympathetic trunk reconstruction (STR) for post-sympathectomy complications. Our prospective series of 23 patients underwent robotic STR with free nerve grafting (mean follow-up: 2 years). Six-month outcomes demonstrated significant improvement: Chest severity 9.4 ± 0.9 to 6.0 ± 2.4 ( p < 0.001), back severity 9.3 ± 0.8 to 6.1 ± 2.6 ( p < 0.001), with sustained gains at 2 years. To minimize donor site morbidity, we progressively transitioned to free intercostal nerve autografts, followed by vascularized intercostal nerve (vICN) grafting beginning January 2025. Vascularized grafts maintained immediate perfusion, enabling continuous Schwann cell proliferation and accelerated recovery. A propensity score-matched analysis of vICN versus free intercostal grafts achieved 100% technical success with no vascular complications. Six-month vICN recipients demonstrated continuous improvement without temporary worsening observed in controls. Recently, single-port robotic systems substantially reduced postoperative chest wall morbidity. These innovations demonstrate that precisely executed microsurgical technique, enabled by robotic precision and interdisciplinary expertise, offers viable treatment for carefully selected patients with intolerable post-sympathectomy complications.

When people talk about object-oriented programming, classes are usually the first thing that comes up. A class can create “instances,” which we commonly refer to as objects. But in the Python world, where everything is an object, a class itself is also an object. If a class is an object, then what class creates the class object itself? Let’s use a simple class as an example:

In Python, a tuple is an immutable data structure designed to store multiple elements, which can be accessed using index values. Tuples are similar to lists, but with one key difference: once a tuple is created, its elements cannot be added, deleted, or modified. This chapter explores how tuples are implemented and highlights some of their interesting characteristics.

A bipolar compound, o‐DiCbzBz, was synthesized conjugating two hole transporting moieties carbazole (Cbz) with an electron transporting moiety benzimidazole (Bz). Employing as a universal host doped with red, green, blue phosphorescence (PH) and thermal active delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter to be the emitter layer inside organic light emitting diodes, devices exhibited an excellent efficiency performance, especially an excellent external quantum efficiency (η EQE ) of 31.8% with PH FIrpic and a high η EQE of 26.3% with TADF 4CzIPN

Based on time-domain scattered data, an efficient systematic approach in the time domain has been proposed to extract the SPICE-compatible models of embedded high-speed interconnects. The approach combines the layer-peeling technique and the generalized pencil-of-matrix method to obtain a pole-residue representation of the step response of the interconnects. An order-reduction procedure is implemented based on the bandwidth criterion to find the optimum pole-residue representation of the interconnects with minimum pole numbers. The SPICE-compatible lumped circuits are then systematically extracted from the pole-residue rational functions. The discontinuous microstrip lines and bonding wire structure are used to demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach. Good agreement is seen between the modeled and measured transient response. The advantages of this approach are the de-embedding ability for arbitrary nonuniform interconnects, systematically obtaining lower order and more accurate SPICE-compatible circuits, and broad-band performance of the extracted circuits.