Middelbaar Beroeps Onderwijs

In this paper we review on the technologies available to make globally quantitative observations of particles, in general, and plankton, in particular, in the world oceans, and for sizes varying from sub-micron to centimeters. Some of these technologies have been available for years while others have only recently emerged. Use of these technologies is critical to improve understanding of the processes that control abundances, distributions and composition of plankton, provide data necessary to constrain and improve ecosystem and biogeochemical models, and forecast changes in marine ecosystems in light of climate change. In this paper we begin by providing the motivation for plankton observations, quantification and diversity qualification on a global scale. We then expand on the state-of-the-art, detailing a variety of relevant and (mostly) mature technologies and measurements, including bulk measurements of plankton, pigment composition, uses of genomic, optical, acoustical methods and analysis using particles counters, flow cytometers and quantitative imaging devices. We follow by highlighting the requirements necessary for a plankton observing system, the approach to achieve it and associated challenges. We conclude with ranked action-item recommendations for the next ten years to move towards our vision of a holistic ocean-wide plankton observing system. Particularly, we suggest to begin with a demonstration project on a GO-SHIP line and/or a long-term observation site and expand from there ensuring that issues associated with methods, observation tools, data analysis, quality assessment and curation are addressed early in the implementation. Global coordination is key for the success of this vision and will bring new insights on processes associated with nutrient regeneration, ocean production, fisheries, and carbon sequestration.

In dit hoofdstuk laten we zien hoe je de eerste vier stappen van de cyclus van planmatig zorg verlenen toepast, namelijk:

Om met het zorgplan te kunnen werken, is het noodzakelijk dat je het (juridisch) kader kent waarbinnen het zorgplan valt.

We performed a retrospective study on 163 subjects suffering from rheumatic fever (16), rheumatoid arthritis (36), lupus erythematosus (17), gout (21), arthrosis (50) and osteomyelitis (23). The number of variables evaluated was 39. These were all of a general biochemical and haematological nature. A feature reduction resulted in sixteen variables that matched well with those known from the literature. Linear discriminant analysis yielded poor results in classifying the six disease categories (with 18 variables 61.8%). A reduction to three disease categories improved the classification results remarkably. This, and the excellent discriminating power between patients and the reference group, shows that the selected variables are illustrative only for general clinical pictures, such as infection, and not for the desired differential diagnosis.