Military Institute of Telecommunications and Informatization

This study examines the set of processes aimed at improving the efficiency of steganographic methods for information protection, while ensuring a specified level of integrity and timeliness of transmission in infocommunication systems. The work addresses a scientific and applied task of increasing the level of information security while maintaining a specified level of integrity and timely delivery of data from unmanned aerial systems (UASs). It relates to the existence of a contradiction between ensuring the confidentiality of video information and the efficiency of its delivery with a given integrity. In the process of research, a method for structural steganographic embedding has been devised, based on changing the values of positional basis (PB). The difference is the embedding of information in the process of modifying the PB values, taking into account the detection of structural dependences in the spectrally modified space of a video container (VC). Such transformations are carried out under conditions of reducing the influence of spectral space modifications on the compression level. The above advantages make it possible to build a comprehensive method of steganographic transformations in the process of VC compression. The method is distinguished by two principal aspects. The first is the use of a sequence of steganographic transformations in independent spaces to detect dependences that are used in the process of embedding information. The second is that information is embedded in the structural-spectral space, taking into account its modification by the youngest bits. This enables increasing the level of steganographic capacity by an average of 7% without distorting the integrity of the stegano-containers and removing hidden information on the receiving side. The devised method is intended to be used to improve the confidentiality, efficiency, and integrity of video information delivery from unmanned systems

The article presents the development and investigation results of a control unit for an open-loop automatic control system (ACS), designed to stabilize a platform equipped with a weapon system without feedback. The subject of the study is the structural and functional organization of the control unit, while the objective is to implement predictive correction of weapon positioning based on a mathematical model of the “vehicle–weapon system,” aimed at improving targeting accuracy and reducing retargeting time between shots through the use of an open-loop control algorithm. The research methodology combines analysis of current trends in weapon stabilization, dynamic modeling of the “vehicle–weapon system,” development of control algorithms in Python/MATLAB environments, and hardware implementation of the control unit based on the ATMega328P microcontroller. The system includes an MPU-6050 gyroscope-accelerometer, ADS1115 analog-to-digital converter, DAC8562 digital-to-analog converter, OPA544 amplifier, Bosch Rexroth hydraulic components, and MPX-5700 pressure and DS18B20 temperature sensors. A second-order Butterworth filter is used to reduce signal noise. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed architecture: the control unit is capable of generating a control signal u(t) based on the internal dynamic model of the system, allowing compensation for external disturbances without feedback. The algorithm includes periodic sensor polling, data processing, control impulse generation, and system status indication. The advantages of hydraulic actuators for large-scale platforms are highlighted, including high force output, smooth motion, and overload resistance. In conclusion, the proposed control unit can be integrated into stabilization systems for military equipment, particularly unified platforms for weapon systems. Its implementation enhances firing accuracy, reduces retargeting time, and ensures reliable operation under harsh environmental conditions. Future research will focus on adapting the system to partially closed-loop architectures with feedback elements.

The article examines the causes, progression, outcomes, and historical consequences of wars in Eurasia over the historical legacy of the Golden Horde among states such as Muscovy, the Crimean Khanate, and the Kazan Khanate during the late 15th to 16th centuries. Primary sources include interviews with representatives of socio-political movements of indigenous Eurasian peoples. The article critiques the prevailing Russian historiographical narrative that frames these conflicts as a dichotomy between civilization and barbarism. Instead, it argues that Moscow’s imperialist ambitions, fueled by an ideology formed under the Rurik dynasty, were the primary drivers. This ideology mixed xenophobic perceptions of indigenous peoples with hostility toward Orthodox Christianity, particularly after the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453. This framing enabled Moscow to present its expansion as a restoration of historical justice and a response to the destruction of the “Second Rome”.

A systematic fuzzy multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) framework is proposed to prioritize near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) for a boulder capture mission, addressing the requirement for rigorous prioritization of asteroid candidates under conditions of data uncertainty. Twenty-eight NEA candidates were first selected through filtering based on physical and orbital properties. Then, objective fuzzy weighting MCDM methods (statistical variance, CRITIC, and MEREC) were applied to determine the importance of criteria such as capture cost, synodic period, rotation rate, orbit determination accuracy, and similarity to other candidates. Subsequent fuzzy ranking MCDM techniques (WASPAS, TOPSIS, MARCOS) generated nine prioritization schemes whose coherence was assessed via correlation analysis. An innovative sensitivity analysis employing Dirichlet-distributed random sampling around reference weights quantified ranking robustness. All methodologies combinations consistently identified the same top four asteroids, with 2013 NJ ranked first in every scenario, and stability metrics confirmed resilience to plausible weight variations. The modular MCDM methodology proposed provides mission planners with a reliable, adaptable decision support tool for asteroid selection, demonstrably narrowing broad candidate pools to robust targets while accommodating future data updates.

The object of research is the process of assessing information security risks of information resources during the functioning of information activity objects, which is the basis of effective security management. One of the most problematic areas of classical probabilistic risk assessment models is high subjectivity in determining quantitative values of indicators. To eliminate these shortcomings, it is proposed to create universal, scalable and trainable risk assessment models based on qualitative characteristics. The study used an adaptive neuro-fuzzy logical inference system (ANFIS). A mathematical model of information security risk assessment was obtained, which expands existing solutions by scaling. The approach used in the model allows to automatically adapt to dynamic changes in the functioning of the information activity object. The proposed model has the following features: automated generation of the rule base and retraining of the fuzzy system. The use of artificial neural networks to automate the adjustment of the parameters of the fuzzy system allows to avoid the subjectivity characteristic of expert assessments. This provides the ability to obtain current values of the information security risk level. The conducted experimental studies quantitatively confirmed the effectiveness of the model, which demonstrated classification accuracy of up to 95% and a significant reduction in the mean square error to 0.01 compared to classical probabilistic models and traditional fuzzy expert systems. This is due to the fact that the proposed model has a number of features, in particular, automated generation of the rule base and the possibility of retraining the fuzzy system, which is provided by the use of artificial neural networks. Due to this, automatic adaptation to dynamic changes in the object and accurate obtaining of current values of the risk level are ensured. Compared to similar known models, this provides automated adjustment of parameters based on the results of retraining (with an error of > 1–2%) and reliable information security management by prioritizing protective measures and responding promptly to threats.

Since the beginning of the Russian Federation’s hybrid aggression in 2014, and especially after the full-scale invasion in 2022, Ukraine has become the target of large-scale cyberattacks aimed at critical infrastructure and information systems of state institutions. The available statistics of cyberattacks confirm the Russian Federation’s intentions to “capture” Ukraine’s cyberspace by any means in order to achieve a strategic advantage in an armed conflict. Accordingly, Ukraine’s tasks are to protect its own cyberspace and create conditions for active actions in the enemy’s cyberspace. The article examines the essence of Ukraine’s cyber defense in terms of fundamental definitions according to the Laws of Ukraine “On the Basic Principles of Ensuring Cybersecurity of Ukraine”, “On the Defense of Ukraine” and relevant regulatory legal acts. The analysis identifies contradictions in the theoretical and legal foundations of cyber defense, and emphasizes the lack of a clear legislative definition of the term “cyber defense”. It is emphasized that no regulatory legal act defines the structure of the state cyber defense system, the composition and tasks of the entities providing it, as well as the objects of cyber defense. Some issues are partially outlined in the draft Law on the Cyber Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, however, its provisions contain discrepancies with the current legislation and consider cyber defense in a “narrow” sense. All of the above complicates the formation of state policy in the field of cyber defense, and accordingly, the implementation of the cyber defense system. Attention is focused on the need to harmonize legal and regulatory definitions from the standpoint of a systemic approach, to separate cyber defense into a separate sphere with the adoption of the basic law “On Cyber Defense of Ukraine”, which will determine the principles of state policy, ensure the harmonization of the legal field and contribute to the implementation of the state’s strategic goals in the field of cyber defense.

The authors of the scientific article noted that despite the war in Ukraine, society has adapted to the era of information technology, computerization, and automation, with digitalization encompassing all aspects of human life. The concept of the state in a smartphone is increasingly being implemented in various public services for the population. Social services are actively transforming and are even being applied in the military sphere. However, with the growth of digitalization, there is a need to develop countermeasures to strengthen information and cybersecurity, primarily due to the human factor. The purpose of the article is to study the psychological and pedagogical problem of the human factor in ensuring information security and cybersecurity. Research results. The problem of human risk in professional activity is not new. The human factor, patterns, and individual factors that influence professional activity and its impact on the results of activity have been studied by professional psychology theory. In the age of information technology, the human factor is a source of new, previously unseen threats. As modern practice shows, in hybrid warfare, the enemy obtains up to 90% of information through social engineering, receiving valuable information via social networks (Facebook, Telegram channel, Instagram, WhatsApp, Meta, YouTube) that was transmitted through careless conversations. That is why experienced global cybersecurity teams have been thinking about how to reduce human risk in information systems in order to maintain information protection and cybersecurity. This is how the theory of human risk management began, a concept that is established as a separate category, independent of security awareness training. Human resource management promises to deliver a greater return on investment than any other strategic security initiative. The results of the study clearly show the need to implement “human risk management.” Human risk management should focus on results, not just compliance, and quantify the risk associated with human behavior. The theoretical and practical results obtained in the course of scientific research form the basis for further study of various aspects of this issue.

Problem formulation. Steganography, just like cryptography, is designed to protect messages and data from unauthorized access, but they use alternative security methods. Another important aspect is video steganography, which is used to hide any files in text, audio, or video files. Splitting the video into audio and images or frames makes the method more effective, making it less detectable to unfair users. The development and application of methods for hiding data in audio message blocks is a rather promising area of scientific and practical research. The low level of requirements and simple implementation of methods based on the least significant bit method can find a wide range of applications in real data transmission systems. Message-hiding methods aim to ensure the security of confidential information transmission by making it inaccessible to illegal access and detection.